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Hemerocallis (hem-er-oh-kal-iss) is from the Greek words hemero "one day" and callis meaning "beauty", but new buds keep daylilies in bloom for weeks, and some are classified as Reblooming Daylilies.

One of the most popular, hardy and varied perennials, with persistence and durability, plants perform in full sun to partial shade.

Daylilies are some of the easiest perennials to grow and are a good choice for any gardener, from the beginner to the professional. These are tough, adaptable plants that will grow in any soil, from normal to slightly wet to dry.

Bare root (BR) plants are mature, field-grown plant clumps that may bloom the first year. Hemerocallis / daylily 1 to 3 fan divisions would typically fit into a 1 or 2-gallon container. For more daylily information, check out Growing Daylilies and Hemerocallis/Daylilies

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Daylilies: Vibrant, Easy-Care Perennials

Daylilies, while not true lilies, bring a burst of sunshine to any garden with their showy, colorful blooms. These clump-forming perennials are native to Asia and central Europe, and their scientific name, Hemerocallis, reflects the fleeting beauty of their individual flowers, which last for only a day. However, with continuous blooming throughout the season, the vibrant display continues for weeks.

Showy Blooms: Modern cultivars offer a rainbow of colors and shapes, ensuring there is a daylily to suit any taste.
Low Maintenance: These hardy plants thrive with minimal care, making them ideal for busy gardeners.
Adaptable: While they prefer full sun and well-drained soil, they can tolerate partial shade and a variety of soil types, even salt-laden ones.
Pollinator-Friendly: Their abundant nectar attracts butterflies and hummingbirds, adding life and movement to your garden.
Versatile Use: Perfect for borders, mass plantings, slopes, rock gardens, containers, or naturalized areas.

Planting and Care:

Sunlight: Plant in full sun for optimal flowering, but partial shade is tolerated.
Soil: Prepare well-drained soil with plenty of organic matter like compost or aged manure.
Planting Depth: Set bare root daylily with the crown of the plant 1” below the soil line.
Watering: Provide regular watering, especially during dry spells.
Division: Divide clumps every 3-5 years to maintain vigor and promote blooming.

Additional Notes:

Deer Resistance: While not entirely immune, daylilies are less prone to deer damage than many other perennials.
Toxicity to Cats: Keep in mind that all parts of daylilies are toxic to cats.

With their vibrant colors, low-maintenance nature, and versatility, daylilies are a must-have for any perennial garden. Whether you prefer bold statement plants or a naturalized meadow, there is a daylily cultivar waiting to brighten your landscape.

Common Names: Day Lilies, Daylily, Day Lily

Hemerocallis Phonetic Spelling hem-eh-roh-KAL-iss

Genus: Hemerocallis
Family: Asphodelaceae
Origin: Asia, with numerous hybrids developed worldwide
Life Cycle: Perennial
Propagation: Division
Wildlife Value: Attracts butterflies and birds
Attractive Flowers: Trumpet-shaped blooms in a wide array of colors, including gold/yellow, orange, pink, purple/lavender, red/burgundy, and white
Fragrant: Some cultivars offer a delightful scent
Long Bloom Season: Different cultivars provide continuous color from spring through summer
Habit/Form: Clumping, arching, and spreading, with long, narrow leaves.
Growth Rate: Medium
Maintenance: Low
Cultural Conditions: Thrives in full sun to partial shade, adaptable to various well-drained soils with good organic matter. Hardy in USDA Zones 3a to 9b
Landscape Locations: Suitable for recreational play areas, slopes/banks, walkways, butterfly gardens, children's gardens, and edible gardens.
Design Features: Effective as borders or in small groups.
Attracts: Butterflies and hummingbirds
Resistance: Tolerant of salt
Flowering: Each individual flower lasts only a day, but continuous blooming ensures a colorful display throughout the season.
Caution: While flowers are edible, consume in moderation due to potential diuretic or laxative effects.

With its vibrant blooms, adaptability, and low-maintenance nature, Hemerocallis is a fantastic addition to any garden, providing beauty and ecological benefits for years to come!

Hemerocallis, commonly known as daylilies, are a beloved group of flowering perennials that bring vibrant color and carefree beauty to gardens around the world. Their name, derived from the Greek words "hemera" (day) and "kallos" (beauty), reflects the ephemeral nature of their blooms, each lasting just a single day. But do not let that deter you! These resilient plants produce an abundance of buds, ensuring a continuous display of captivating flowers throughout their blooming season.

Key Features:

Showy Flowers: Daylilies are prized for their showy, trumpet-shaped flowers, which come in a breathtaking array of colors, including shades of yellow, orange, red, pink, purple, and even near-white. They often feature intricate patterns, ruffled edges, and contrasting throats, adding to their visual appeal. The flowers can be single, double, or spider-like, with petals that range from smooth and flat to ruffled and twisted. Some varieties even have unusual markings, such as eyes, stripes, or halos, further enhancing their beauty.

Variety in Form and Size: Daylilies exhibit remarkable diversity in their form and size, catering to a wide range of aesthetic preferences. Miniature varieties, such as 'Stella de Oro', offer delicate blooms and compact growth habits, making them ideal for small gardens and containers. On the other end of the spectrum, large-flowered cultivars, like 'Frans Hals', boast massive blooms that can exceed 6 inches in diameter, creating a dramatic impact in the landscape. Intermediate varieties, such as 'Happy Returns', offer a balance between size and vigor, making them suitable for most garden settings. These diverse options allow gardeners to select daylilies that perfectly complement their individual styles and space constraints.

Long Bloom Season: While each individual flower of a daylily lasts only a day, a single plant can produce numerous buds over a long period, ensuring a continuous display of color. The exact duration of the blooming season varies depending on the cultivar and the specific growing conditions. Some daylilies may start blooming as early as late spring, while others may not begin until midsummer. However, most varieties will continue to produce flowers until late summer or early fall. This extended blooming period makes daylilies a valuable addition to any garden, providing a constant source of beauty and attracting pollinators throughout the season.

Repeat Blooming: Some daylily cultivars, known as reblooming daylilies or everblooming daylilies, have the unique ability to produce multiple flushes of blooms throughout the growing season. After the initial bloom period, these plants may go through a period of dormancy before reblooming later in the summer or even into early fall. This extended blooming period makes reblooming daylilies even more valuable for gardeners seeking continuous color in their landscapes.

Reblooming daylilies typically have a longer blooming season than non-reblooming varieties, often extending their display by several weeks or even months. They are also more likely to produce sporadic blooms throughout the fall, adding a touch of color to the garden even after the main blooming season has ended.

Several factors can influence the reblooming potential of a daylily cultivar, including the specific variety, growing conditions, and regional climate. Generally, reblooming daylilies thrive in regions with long, warm growing seasons and ample sunlight. They may require additional care, such as regular fertilization and watering, to maintain their vigor and support continuous blooming.

Some popular reblooming daylily cultivars include 'Stella de Oro', 'Happy Returns', 'Pardon Me', and 'Sovereign'. These varieties are known for their ability to produce multiple flushes of blooms throughout the growing season, making them a valuable addition to any garden.

Easy Care and Versatile Use: Daylilies are known for their easy-going nature and adaptability. They are relatively low-maintenance plants that tolerate a wide range of soil conditions and are quite drought tolerant once established. This makes them a popular choice for busy gardeners or those new to gardening. Daylilies can be used in a variety of ways in the garden, including as border plants, mass plantings, container plants, and even as groundcovers. They are also excellent for attracting pollinators, such as bees and butterflies, to the garden.

Attracts Pollinators: Daylilies are a valuable addition to wildlife gardens, attracting a variety of pollinators, including bees, butterflies, and hummingbirds. Their nectar-rich flowers provide a valuable food source for these beneficial insects, supporting the health of the ecosystem.

Growing Tips:

Sunlight: Daylilies thrive in full sun, requiring at least 6 hours of direct sunlight per day for optimal blooming. They can tolerate some light shade, especially in hot climates.
Soil: Daylilies prefer well-drained soil that is rich in organic matter. They can tolerate a wide range of soil types, including clay and sandy soils. When planting daylilies, it is important to ensure that the crown of the plant is not buried too deeply. Plant the rhizomes so that the top of the crown is just below the soil surface. This will help to prevent rot and ensure healthy growth. To improve soil drainage, you can add organic matter such as compost or well-rotted manure to the planting hole. This will also help to improve the soil's fertility and water-holding capacity. If you are planting daylilies in a heavy clay soil, you may want to consider adding some sand or perlite to the planting hole to improve drainage. Once planted, water the daylilies deeply to settle the soil around the roots. After planting, water your daylilies regularly, especially during dry periods. However, be careful not to overwater, as this can lead to root rot. Once established, daylilies are relatively drought tolerant and can withstand periods of dry weather. Fertilize your daylilies in early spring with a balanced fertilizer, such as a 10-10-10 formula. You can also use a slow-release fertilizer to provide nutrients throughout the growing season. Daylilies are relatively low-maintenance plants, but there are a few things you can do to keep them looking their best. Deadhead spent flowers to encourage continuous blooming and prevent seed formation. Divide clumps every few years to maintain vigor and prevent overcrowding. In late winter or early spring, you can cut back the foliage to remove any dead or damaged leaves. With proper care, daylilies can thrive for many years, providing a beautiful and low-maintenance addition to your garden.

Landscape Uses:

Borders: Daylilies are a classic choice for perennial borders, adding vibrant color and texture. They can be combined with other perennials, such as salvia, coneflowers, ornamental grasses, and shrubs, to create a stunning display. Daylilies can be used as a backdrop for shorter plants, as a focal point in the border, or as a filler to create a lush and colorful display. When planting daylilies in a border, consider their mature size and spacing to allow for adequate growth and air circulation. Space the plants about 18-24 inches apart to prevent overcrowding and ensure optimal flowering. Daylilies can also be used to create a layered effect in the border, with taller varieties in the back and shorter varieties in the front. This creates visual interest and adds depth to the planting design. Daylilies can be combined with other plants that have complementary colors, textures, and bloom times to create a harmonious and visually appealing border. For example, you could pair yellow daylilies with blue salvia, orange daylilies with purple coneflowers, or white daylilies with dark foliage plants.
Mass Plantings: Planting daylilies in masses creates a dramatic and eye-catching display in the landscape. This is particularly effective in large gardens or meadows, where a sea of color can be created. Mass plantings of daylilies can be used to define spaces, create focal points, or simply add a vibrant splash of color to the landscape. When planting daylilies in mass, consider the mature size and spacing of the varieties you choose. Some daylilies spread more vigorously than others, so it is important to select varieties that are appropriate for the size of your planting area. You may also want to consider the color and height of the different varieties to create a visually interesting and dynamic display.
Groundcover: Some daylily varieties spread quickly, making them effective groundcovers for suppressing weeds and preventing erosion. Daylilies can be used to fill in bare patches in the garden, create a lush groundcover under trees and shrubs, or stabilize slopes. When selecting daylilies for groundcover use, choose varieties that spread quickly and have a low-growing habit. Some good choices include 'Stella de Oro' and 'Happy Returns'. When planting daylilies as a groundcover, space the plants about 12-18 inches apart and water them regularly until they are established. Once established, they are relatively drought tolerant and can withstand periods of dry weather.
Naturalizing: Daylilies can be naturalized in meadows or woodland edges, adding a touch of carefree beauty to informal settings. Daylilies can be naturalized in meadows, woodland edges, or other informal settings. They can be planted in large groups or scattered throughout the area. When planting daylilies in a naturalized setting, it is important to choose varieties that are well-suited to the local climate and soil conditions. You may also want to consider the mature size and spread of the varieties you choose, as some daylilies can become quite large and vigorous. Once established, daylilies in a naturalized setting require very little maintenance. They will spread and naturalize on their own, creating a beautiful and carefree display.

Hemerocallis Taxonomy

Hemerocallis (commonly known as daylily)

Taxonomy:

Kingdom: Plantae (Plants)
Clade: Tracheophytes (Vascular plants)
Clade: Angiosperms (Flowering plants)
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Asphodelaceae
Subfamily: Hemerocallidoideae
Genus: Hemerocallis L.

Important Notes:

While called "lily," it is not taxonomically classified in the lily genus (Lilium).
The genus Hemerocallis is native to Asia, including China, Korea, and Japan.
Daylilies are popular garden plants due to their beautiful and diverse flowers, which typically last only one day.
Some species have edible petals, while others can be toxic.

Hemerocallis Morphology

Daylilies are herbaceous perennials with distinct features that contribute to their beauty and adaptability. Here is a breakdown of their morphology:

Roots:

Rhizomes: Horizontal underground stems that store food and allow the plant to spread.
Tuberous Roots: Thickened, fleshy roots that also store nutrients and water, providing resilience during dry periods.
Contractile Roots: These roots help pull the plant deeper into the soil, ensuring stability.

Leaves:

Basal: Emerging from the base of the plant, forming a clump.
Linear: Long and strap-like, with parallel veins.
Arching: Gracefully curving outwards and downwards.

Stems (Scapes):

Leafless: The flowering stems are generally devoid of leaves.
Branched: Often branching towards the top to hold multiple flowers.

Flowers:

Tepals: Daylilies have six petal-like segments called tepals (three petals and three sepals that look similar).
Variety of Colors and Forms: They come in a wide array of colors, shapes, and sizes, including trumpet-shaped, spider-shaped, and ruffled forms.
Ephemeral: Each flower typically lasts only one day, hence the name "daylily."
Inflorescence: Flowers are borne in clusters called scapes, with individual flowers opening in succession.

Fruit:

Capsule: A dry, three-valved fruit that splits open to release seeds when mature.

Other Features:

Crown: The short, thickened stem at the base of the plant where leaves and roots emerge.
Proliferations: Some daylilies produce small plantlets (clones) along the flower scapes, which can be used for propagation.

Hemerocallis Cultivation

Hemerocallis, commonly known as daylilies, are prized for their vibrant colors, ease of care, and adaptability to various growing conditions. These resilient perennials bring a burst of color to gardens throughout the summer months. This comprehensive guide will provide you with all the essential information you need to cultivate thriving Hemerocallis in your own garden.

Basic Requirements for Hemerocallis Cultivation

One of the most appealing aspects of daylilies is their adaptability. They can thrive in a wide range of soil types, from clay to sandy loam, and tolerate varying light conditions, making them a versatile choice for diverse garden settings. However, understanding their basic needs will help ensure optimal growth and flowering. Here is a breakdown of the key factors to consider:

Soil Type

Daylilies are adaptable and can tolerate a variety of soil types, including clay. They can even be grown in containers with adequate drainage holes if suitable garden soil or space is limited. However, they thrive in well-drained, fertile soil. For optimal results, aim for a slightly acidic soil pH of around 6.3 to 6.8. If your soil is too acidic, amend it with lime. For alkaline soils, incorporate peat moss or other organic matter to lower the pH.

While creating a specific soil mixture is not usually necessary, amending poor soil with compost can improve its fertility and moisture retention. In areas with heavy clay soil, be mindful of the extra effort required for planting, dividing, and transplanting daylilies. To maintain excellent daylily growth, add any slow-release, composted organic matter such as horse, sheep, or cow manure, or your own compost, in either spring or fall.

Sunlight

Daylilies generally prefer full sun, meaning at least six hours of direct sunlight per day. However, they can tolerate partial shade, especially in hot climates. Keep in mind that shade may reduce the number of blooms. In hot climates, consider planting darker-flowered daylilies in a location with afternoon shade to help preserve their color. Interestingly, daylilies can even tolerate salt-laden soils, making them a suitable choice for coastal gardens.

Water Needs

Daylilies need regular watering, especially during their first growing season. Aim for about an inch of water per week, either from rainfall or irrigation. Mulching can help retain moisture in the soil. Once established, daylilies are relatively drought-tolerant, but they still benefit from watering during extended dry spells. It is important to note that water stress can cause flower buds to abort, so consistent watering is crucial, especially during flowering periods.

The specific watering needs may vary slightly depending on the type of daylily. Species lilies generally prefer a deep watering once a week, while hybrid daylilies may benefit from lighter watering every 2-3 days. Avoid overwatering, as it can lead to root rot.

Protecting Young Growth

Protecting young daylily growth from slugs and snails is essential. These pests can quickly damage or destroy emerging shoots and leaves. Consider using slug and snail control methods such as barriers, traps, or baits to protect your plants.

Hemerocallis Cultivars and Their Specific Needs

With thousands of daylily cultivars available, you will find a wide array of colors, flower forms, and sizes to choose from. While the basic requirements for cultivation remain consistent across most cultivars, some may have specific needs. Daylilies are not particularly fussy about soil types and can grow in everything from clay to sandy soils. However, they perform best in well-drained soil enriched with organic matter. They prefer a neutral to slightly acid soil and will be unhappy in very acid or alkaline soils. Once established, daylilies can withstand heat and drought better than most commonly grown perennials.

The American Hemerocallis Society categorizes daylilies into various flower forms, including circular, triangular, star, informal, ruffled, flat, recurved, trumpet, spider, and double. Each form offers a unique aesthetic appeal.

When selecting cultivars, consider factors such as bloom time, flower color, height, and foliage characteristics. Some cultivars are reblooming, meaning they produce multiple flushes of flowers throughout the season. Others may have fragrant flowers or attractive foliage that adds interest even when not in bloom.

Research the specific needs of the cultivars you choose to ensure they are well-suited to your climate and growing conditions.

Planting Hemerocallis

Proper planting techniques are crucial for establishing healthy daylilies. Here is a step-by-step guide:

Timing

The ideal time to plant daylilies is in early spring or early fall, at least one month before a hard frost. This allows the plants to establish their roots before the onset of extreme temperatures. For bare root varieties, autumn planting is recommended to give them ample time to establish before the following summer.

Spacing and Depth

When planting daylilies, space them about 18 to 24 inches apart. This spacing allows for adequate air circulation and prevents overcrowding as the plants mature.

Dig a hole that is slightly wider than the root ball and deep enough to accommodate the roots. Plant the daylily so that the crown (where the leaves meet the roots) is about an inch below the soil surface.

Planting Process

Prepare the planting hole by loosening the soil to a depth of 18 inches and removing any rocks or debris. Amend the soil with compost if needed. For optimal growth, mix several handfuls of compost and all-purpose granular fertilizer into the soil before planting.
Create a small mound of soil in the center of the hole.
If planting container-grown daylilies, remove the clump from its nursery container and tease out the roots if they are potbound.
Place the daylily on the mound, spreading the roots outward and downward.
Backfill the hole with soil, ensuring the crown is at the correct depth.
Water thoroughly to settle the soil and eliminate air pockets.
Apply a layer of mulch to help retain moisture and suppress weeds.

Planting Considerations

Smaller, younger plants (in 9cm/3½in pots) should be repotted into slightly larger containers and allowed to grow for a few months before being planted into borders.
Shorter, more compact daylily varieties work well planted directly into perennial borders, where their blooms provide a welcome mid-summer boost.
Daylilies are drought-tolerant and heat-tolerant once established.

Caring for Hemerocallis

Once established, daylilies require minimal care. However, a few simple practices can help maintain their health and vigor.

Fertilizing

While daylilies are not as demanding as some plants, they do benefit from fertilization, especially in poor soil. Use a balanced fertilizer, such as a 10-10-10 or 12-12-12, applied in early spring. You can also use compost or well-rotted manure as organic fertilizer options. Fertilizer is also recommended at the time of planting new divisions.

Avoid applying fertilizer directly on the foliage, as it can cause burns. Water the fertilizer in well to prevent damage to the roots. If you are able, it is a good idea to fertilize your daylilies a second time during the year, a few weeks after they are finished blooming.

Watering

Established daylilies are relatively drought-tolerant. However, they perform best with regular watering, especially during hot, dry periods. Water deeply and infrequently to encourage deep root growth. Plants growing permanently in containers need regular feeding during the growing season, as the compost will soon run out of nutrients.

When watering, avoid wetting the foliage to minimize the risk of fungal diseases. Drip irrigation or soaker hoses are efficient watering methods that deliver water directly to the roots.

Remember that cold-hardiness varies based on the species, so choose cultivars that are appropriate for your climate.

Deadheading

Deadheading, the removal of spent flowers, is not essential for daylily health, but it can improve the appearance of the plants and prevent seed formation. Removing seed pods allows the plant to direct its energy towards root and shoot development, potentially leading to more vigorous growth and flowering in the following season. Deadheading daylilies will also result in more blossoms.

To deadhead, simply snap off the faded flowers with your fingers or use pruning shears to cut the flower stalks at the base. Some cultivars will send up a scape late in the season with a few blooms (reblooming).

Common Pests and Diseases

Daylilies are generally resistant to pests and diseases, but a few can occasionally cause problems.

Pests

Aphids: These small insects suck sap from the plants, causing distorted growth and yellowing leaves. Control aphids by hosing them off with a strong stream of water or using insecticidal soap. For severe infestations, consider using a systemic insecticide.
Spider mites: These tiny pests cause yellowing and stippling on the leaves. Control spider mites by increasing humidity around the plants, hosing them off with water, or using insecticidal soap or miticides.
Thrips: These slender insects can damage flowers and leaves, causing discoloration and distortion. Control thrips by using insecticidal soap, neem oil, or sticky traps.
Slugs and snails: These mollusks feed on the foliage, leaving holes and chewed edges. Control slugs and snails by handpicking, using barriers, traps, or baits.

Diseases

Leaf streak: This fungal disease causes reddish-brown streaks on the leaves. Control leaf streak by removing infected leaves, avoiding overhead watering, and improving air circulation.
Rust: This fungal disease appears as yellow or orange pustules on the leaves. Control rust by removing infected leaves, avoiding overhead watering, and applying fungicides.
Crown rot: This fungal disease can cause the crown of the plant to rot, leading to wilting and decline. Control crown rot by ensuring good drainage, avoiding overwatering, and removing infected plants.

Companion Plants for Hemerocallis

Daylilies can be beautifully combined with other plants to create stunning garden displays. Some excellent companion plants for Hemerocallis include:

Salvia: The vibrant blooms of Salvia complement the colors of daylilies, and their upright growth habit creates an attractive contrast.
Echinacea (Coneflower): The long-lasting blooms of Echinacea add height and texture to the garden, creating a striking backdrop for daylilies.
Rudbeckia (Black-Eyed Susan): The cheerful yellow blooms of Rudbeckia create a lovely contrast when planted alongside daylilies.
Coreopsis: With their bright and dainty flowers, Coreopsis adds a touch of whimsy and attracts pollinators to the garden.

Propagating Hemerocallis

Daylilies are easy to propagate, allowing you to expand your collection or share plants with others. The most common method is division. Dividing daylily clumps every few years is not just a way to propagate new plants; it is also essential for maintaining the health and vigor of your existing daylilies. Over time, clumps can become overcrowded, leading to reduced flowering and overall decline. By dividing them, you rejuvenate the plants and ensure continued abundant blooms.

Division

Dig up the clump in early spring or late summer.
Shake off the excess soil and gently separate the clump into smaller sections. You can use a garden fork or your hands to divide the clump.
Replant the divisions at the same depth as the original plant.
Water thoroughly and provide regular care until the new plants are established.

Other Propagation Methods

Ramet Cuttings: Individual ramets can be cut into pieces that have some shoot and some root tissue. If handled in a sanitary manner, these ramet cuttings will grow and can be made into cuttings after approximately 6 months of growth.
Proliferations: Daylilies sometimes produce small plantlets called proliferations along their flower stalks. These can be removed and potted in sand to encourage root development.
Seeds: Raising daylilies from seed is relatively easy, although it may not produce plants identical to the parent plant.

Hemerocallis are rewarding plants that offer a vibrant display of color with minimal effort. By understanding their basic needs and providing proper care, you can enjoy these beautiful perennials in your garden for years to come. Remember that proper soil preparation, including amending with compost and fertilizer, is crucial for establishing healthy plants. Consistent watering, especially during the first growing season and dry periods, is essential for optimal growth and flowering. Dividing daylily clumps every few years helps maintain their vigor and ensures continued abundant blooms.

With a vast array of cultivars available, explore different colors, forms, and bloom times to find those that best suit your preferences and garden conditions. Consider incorporating companion plants like Salvia, Echinacea, Rudbeckia, and Coreopsis to create harmonious and visually appealing combinations. Whether you are a seasoned gardener or just starting out, daylilies are a fantastic choice for adding long-lasting beauty and resilience to your garden.

Calendar of Care – Hemerocallis Maintenance

Here is a comprehensive calendar of care for Hemerocallis (daylilies), tailored to the temperate climate of the United States (USDA Hardiness Zones 3-9):

Spring:

Early Spring:

Inspect for winter damage and remove any dead or damaged leaves.
Divide overcrowded clumps if needed (every 3-5 years for non-reblooming varieties, every 2 years for reblooming).
Apply a balanced fertilizer or compost to provide nutrients for new growth.

Mid-Spring:

Water regularly if the weather is dry, as daylilies prefer evenly moist soil.
Check for pests like aphids and spider mites and treat if necessary.

Summer:

Late Spring/Early Summer:

Deadhead spent blooms daily to encourage continuous flowering.
Remove entire flower scapes after all buds have opened.

Midsummer:

Monitor and treat pests as needed.

Late Summer:

Apply a light fertilizer to support continued blooming.
Water deeply during dry spells, especially for container-grown plants.

Fall:

Late Fall:

Cut back foliage to around 6 inches above the ground.
Mulch heavily with compost or leaves to protect the roots during winter.

Winter:

Dormant Period:

Daylilies become dormant in winter and require little care.
Protect them from extreme cold if temperatures dip below -15°F (-26°C).

Additional Tips:

Planting: Daylilies can be planted in spring or fall.
Location: Choose a sunny to partially shaded location with well-drained soil.
Watering: Once established, daylilies are drought tolerant, but they will benefit from regular watering during dry periods.
Mulching: A layer of mulch helps conserve moisture and regulate soil temperature.
Dividing: Divide clumps in early spring or fall.

By following this calendar of care, you can ensure that your daylilies thrive and provide a long-lasting display of vibrant blooms.

Hemerocallis Species, Groups, Varieties and Cultivars

The wonderful world of daylily diversity! Here is a breakdown of how Hemerocallis is organized, from its wild origins to the explosion of cultivated varieties:

1. Species:

These are the naturally occurring daylilies, the foundation of all the cultivated beauty. There are about 15-16 recognized species, mostly native to East Asia. Some key species include:

Hemerocallis fulva: The familiar "tawny daylily" or "ditch lily," often found naturalized along roadsides. It is known for its orange flowers and vigorous growth.
Hemerocallis lilioasphodelus: The "lemon lily," with fragrant, clear yellow flowers.
Hemerocallis citrina: The "citron daylily," with nocturnal, lemon-yellow flowers and a strong fragrance.
Hemerocallis minor: A smaller species with delicate, pale yellow flowers.

2. Groups:

Daylily species are sometimes grouped based on shared characteristics, such as flower form, bloom time, or geographic origin. Examples include:

Fulva Group: Includes Hemerocallis fulva and its variations.
Citrina Group: Features species with nocturnal, fragrant flowers like Hemerocallis citrina.
Dumortieri Group: Early blooming species like Hemerocallis dumortieri.

3. Varieties:

Within a species, natural variations can occur, leading to distinct varieties. These are naturally occurring variations with unique traits. For example:

Hemerocallis fulva var. kwanso: A double-flowered form of Hemerocallis fulva.
Hemerocallis fulva var. rosea: A pink-flowered form of Hemerocallis fulva.

4. Cultivars:

This is where the real daylily magic happens! Cultivars are plants produced through deliberate breeding and selection by humans. There are tens of thousands of registered daylily cultivars, with an incredible range of:

Flower colors: Every color imaginable except pure blue and true black.
Flower forms: Trumpet-shaped, spider-shaped, ruffled, doubled, and more.
Flower sizes: Miniature blooms to giant flowers.
Bloom times: Early, midseason, and late bloomers, including reblooming varieties that flower multiple times a year.
Plant habits: Varying heights and foliage characteristics.

Examples of Popular Cultivars:

'Stella de Oro': A reblooming, dwarf cultivar with golden yellow flowers.
'Chicago Apache': A striking red cultivar with a dark eye.
'Happy Returns': A fragrant, reblooming cultivar with pale yellow flowers.
'Black Stockings': A very dark purple cultivar with a velvety texture.

Hemerocallis for mass planting

Daylilies are fantastic for mass plantings! Their vibrant colors, varied forms, and adaptability make them a top choice for creating stunning displays in large areas. Here are some factors to consider when selecting daylilies for mass planting:

1. Vigorous Growth:

Choose cultivars known for their strong growth and ability to spread. This ensures they will fill in the space quickly and create a dense, lush effect.
Examples: Hemerocallis fulva (Tawny Daylily), 'Stella de Oro', 'Happy Returns'

2. Adaptability:

Opt for cultivars that tolerate a range of conditions, especially if your planting area has variations in sunlight or soil.
Examples: Many cultivars are adaptable, but consider those known for toughness, like 'Chicago Apache' or 'Pardon Me.'

3. Color Scheme:

Consider the overall color impact you want to achieve. Do you want a blend of harmonious colors, a bold statement with contrasting hues, or a monochromatic scheme?
Examples:

Harmonious: Combine shades of yellow, orange, and red for a warm, sunny look.
Contrasting: Pair complementary colors like purple and yellow or red and orange for a vibrant display.
Monochromatic: Plant masses of the same cultivar for a unified and impactful effect.

4. Bloom Time:

Select cultivars with overlapping bloom times to ensure a continuous display of color throughout the season. You can also choose cultivars with different bloom times to create a sequence of blooms.
Examples:

Early bloomers: Hemerocallis dumortieri, 'Earlybird Cardinal'
Midseason bloomers: 'Stella de Oro', 'Happy Returns'
Late bloomers: 'Autumn Minaret', 'Siloam Double Classic'

5. Height:

Consider the height of the cultivars in relation to the surrounding landscape. Use taller cultivars in the back of borders and shorter ones in the front.
Examples:

Tall: 'Frans Hals' (4 feet), 'Strutter's Ball' (3 feet)
Medium: 'Stella de Oro' (1 foot), 'Happy Returns' (2 feet)
Short: 'Little Grapette' (10 inches), 'Bitsy' (8 inches)

6. Maintenance:

Choose cultivars that require minimal maintenance, especially for large plantings. Look for those that are resistant to pests and diseases and do not need frequent division.
Examples: Many modern cultivars are bred for disease resistance and low maintenance.

Additional Tips:

Spacing: Space plants according to their mature size, usually 1 to 3 feet apart.
Soil Preparation: Prepare the soil well by amending it with compost or other organic matter.
Watering: Water regularly, especially during the first year after planting.
Mulching: Apply a layer of mulch to help conserve moisture and suppress weeds.

By carefully selecting and planting daylilies, you can create a breathtaking mass planting that will provide years of beauty and enjoyment.

Hemerocallis Species

16 noteworthy Hemerocallis Species

While the vast majority of daylilies available today are hybrids, the genus Hemerocallis boasts a fascinating array of wild species, each with its own unique charm and characteristics. These species are the foundation upon which the incredible diversity of modern daylilies has been built. Here are some notable Hemerocallis species:

1. Hemerocallis fulva (Tawny Daylily, Orange Daylily, Ditch Lily)

Native to: Asia (China, Japan, Korea)
Characteristics: One of the most recognizable and widespread daylily species, Hemerocallis fulva is known for its large, tawny-orange flowers with ruffled petals and a darker orange throat. It has a vigorous growth habit and can reach up to 6 feet tall. This species is highly adaptable and has naturalized in many parts of the world, often found growing along roadsides and in old gardens. It is also one of the oldest cultivated daylilies, with a history dating back thousands of years.

Notable Cultivars and Forms:

'Kwanso': A double-flowered form with large, showy blooms.
'Flore Pleno': Another double-flowered form with ruffled petals.
'Europa': A vigorous form with clear orange flowers.

2. Hemerocallis lilioasphodelus (Lemon Lily, Yellow Daylily)

Native to: Europe and Asia
Characteristics: This species is known for its fragrant, lemon-yellow flowers with a delicate, sweet scent. It has a more refined appearance than Hemerocallis fulva and typically reaches a height of 2-3 feet. Hemerocallis lilioasphodelus is often found in meadows and along streams. It is one of the earliest daylilies to bloom, with flowers appearing in late spring or early summer.

3. Hemerocallis dumortieri (Dumortier's Daylily, Early Daylily)

Native to: Japan, Korea, northeastern China
Characteristics: This early-blooming species features clusters of small, fragrant, golden-yellow flowers. It has a compact growth habit, typically reaching a height of 1-2 feet. Hemerocallis dumortieri is one of the first daylilies to bloom in the spring, often appearing even before the last frost.

4. Hemerocallis middendorffii (Middendorff's Daylily)

Native to: Northeastern Asia (Siberia, China, Korea, Japan)
Characteristics: This species is known for its bright orange-yellow flowers and its ability to rebloom later in the season. It has a vigorous growth habit and can reach a height of 2-3 feet.

5. Hemerocallis minor (Dwarf Daylily, Grassleaf Daylily)

Native to: China, Mongolia, Korea, Siberia
Characteristics: This charming species is the smallest of the daylilies, typically reaching a height of only 12-18 inches. It features delicate, pale yellow flowers with a sweet fragrance. Hemerocallis minor is a good choice for rock gardens, containers, or the front of borders.

6. Hemerocallis citrina (Citron Daylily, Long Yellow Daylily)

Native to: China
Characteristics: This species is distinguished by its long, slender, lemon-yellow flowers that open in the evening and remain open throughout the night. It has a strong, sweet fragrance and is often used in breeding fragrant daylily hybrids.

7. Hemerocallis multiflora (Manyflowered Daylily)

Native to: China
Characteristics: As its name suggests, this species produces an abundance of small, fragrant, yellow flowers on tall, branched scapes. It has a vigorous growth habit and can reach a height of 4-5 feet.

8. Hemerocallis altissima (Tall Daylily)

Native to: China, Japan
Characteristics: This species is known for its tall flower scapes, which can reach up to 6 feet in height. It features fragrant, pale yellow flowers that open in the evening.

9. Hemerocallis flava (Lemon Daylily, Yellow Daylily)

Native to: China, Japan, Korea
Characteristics: This species is known for its fragrant, bright yellow flowers with a classic trumpet shape. It has a graceful growth habit and typically reaches a height of 2-3 feet. Hemerocallis flava is one of the parent species of many popular hybrid daylilies.

10. Hemerocallis forrestii (Forrest's Daylily)

Native to: China (Yunnan Province)
Characteristics: This species is notable for its fragrant, golden-yellow flowers with a darker throat. It has a compact growth habit and typically reaches a height of 1-2 feet. Hemerocallis forrestii is a good choice for rock gardens or the front of borders.

11. Hemerocallis aurantiaca (Orange Daylily)

Native to: Japan
Characteristics: This species features large, orange flowers with a darker orange throat. It has a vigorous growth habit and can reach a height of 3-4 feet. Hemerocallis aurantiaca is one of the parent species of many orange and red hybrid daylilies.

12. Hemerocallis thunbergii (Thunberg's Daylily)

Native to: Japan
Characteristics: This species is known for its fragrant, pale yellow flowers that open in the evening. It has a graceful growth habit and typically reaches a height of 2-3 feet.

13. Hemerocallis coreana (Korean Daylily)

Native to: Korea
Characteristics: This species features fragrant, pale yellow flowers with a darker yellow throat. It has a compact growth habit and typically reaches a height of 1-2 feet.

14. Hemerocallis esculenta (Edible Daylily)

Native to: Asia (China, Japan, Korea)
Characteristics: This species is notable for its edible flowers and buds, which are used in various culinary preparations in Asian cuisine. It has orange flowers with a darker orange throat and a vigorous growth habit.

15. Hemerocallis plicata (Pleated Daylily)

Native to: China
Characteristics: This species is distinguished by its unique pleated leaves and its fragrant, pale yellow flowers. It has a compact growth habit and typically reaches a height of 1-2 feet.

16. Hemerocallis nana (Dwarf Daylily)

Native to: China
Characteristics: This miniature species is one of the smallest daylilies, typically reaching a height of only 6-8 inches. It features delicate, pale yellow flowers. Hemerocallis nana is a good choice for rock gardens or alpine troughs.

This expanded list demonstrates the incredible diversity within the Hemerocallis genus. Each species offers unique characteristics and contributes to the vast array of colors, forms, and fragrances found in modern daylily hybrids. They are a testament to the beauty and adaptability of this beloved group of plants.

Importance of Species Daylilies:

While hybrid daylilies dominate the market, species daylilies are important for several reasons:

Genetic Diversity: They provide a valuable source of genetic diversity for breeding new and improved cultivars.
Adaptability: They are often more adaptable to local climates and soil conditions than hybrids.
Ecological Value: They play an important role in supporting pollinators and other wildlife.
Unique Beauty: They offer a distinct and often more subtle beauty than their hybrid counterparts.

Hemerocallis fulva

Hemerocallis fulva, also known as the tawny daylily, orange daylily, ditch lily, tiger lily, or Fourth of July lily, is a species of daylily native to Asia. It is one of the most widely recognized and cultivated daylily species, admired for its showy flowers, adaptability, and ease of cultivation.

Key Features:

Showy Orange Flowers: Hemerocallis fulva is known for its large, trumpet-shaped flowers, typically a vibrant tawny-orange color with ruffled petals and a darker orange throat. The flowers can reach up to 6 inches in diameter and are borne on tall, sturdy scapes that rise above the foliage. Each flower lasts only a single day, but the plant produces a succession of blooms over a period of several weeks, ensuring a long-lasting display of color.
Vigorous Growth Habit: This species has a vigorous growth habit, forming large clumps of arching, linear leaves that can reach up to 3 feet in length. The foliage is a bright green color and provides an attractive backdrop for the vibrant flowers.
Adaptable and Easy to Grow: Hemerocallis fulva is highly adaptable and can thrive in a wide range of growing conditions. It prefers full sun to partial shade and tolerates various soil types, including clay and sandy soils. Once established, it is quite drought tolerant, making it a low-maintenance choice for busy gardeners.
Naturalizes readily: This species has a tendency to naturalize, meaning it can spread and establish itself in new areas. This can be a desirable trait for those who want to create a naturalized planting, but it can also be considered invasive in some areas.
Edible Flowers: The flowers and buds of Hemerocallis fulva are edible and have been used in Asian cuisine for centuries. They have a slightly sweet flavor and can be added to salads, stir-fries, or soups.

Cultivation:

Sunlight: Full sun to partial shade.
Soil: Well-drained soil; tolerates a variety of soil types.
Watering: Water regularly, especially during dry periods, but allow the soil to dry out between waterings.
Maintenance: Deadhead spent flowers to encourage continuous blooming. Divide clumps every few years to maintain vigor and prevent overcrowding.

Landscape Uses:

Borders: Hemerocallis fulva adds a vibrant touch to perennial borders and cottage gardens.
Mass Plantings: Planting in masses creates a dramatic display of color.
Naturalizing: Can be naturalized in meadows or woodland edges.
Erosion Control: Its vigorous growth habit makes it useful for erosion control on slopes.

Notable Cultivars and Forms:

'Kwanso': A double-flowered form with large, showy blooms.
'Flore Pleno': Another double-flowered form with ruffled petals.
'Europa': A vigorous form with clear orange flowers.

Caution:

While Hemerocallis fulva is generally considered non-toxic, it is important to note that some people may experience mild stomach upset if they consume large quantities of the flowers or buds. As with any edible plant, it is always best to start with a small amount and see how your body reacts.

With its showy flowers, adaptability, and ease of cultivation, Hemerocallis fulva is a valuable addition to any garden. Whether you are looking to add a splash of color to your borders, create a naturalized planting, or simply enjoy its edible flowers, this versatile daylily is sure to impress.

more Hemerocallis Species and Characteristics

Flower Color and Form:

Hemerocallis alba: White flowers, often fragrant.
Hemerocallis altissima: Very tall scapes (flower stalks), with fragrant, pale yellow flowers that open in the evening.
Hemerocallis aurantiaca: Orange flowers, typically with a darker eyezone.
Hemerocallis aurea: Golden yellow flowers, often large and fragrant.
Hemerocallis caerulea/coerulea: Pale blue to lavender flowers, a unique color for daylilies.
Hemerocallis chinensis: Orange to red flowers, often with a darker eyezone. Can be quite variable.
Hemerocallis citrina: Lemon yellow flowers, fragrant, with a distinctive trumpet shape. Blooms at night.
Hemerocallis cordata/cordifolia: Heart-shaped leaves, yellow to orange flowers.
Hemerocallis coreana: Pale yellow flowers, early blooming.
Hemerocallis crocea: Deep yellow to orange flowers.
Hemerocallis cucullata: Flowers with a hooded or "cupped" shape.
Hemerocallis darrowiana: Small, fragrant, yellow flowers.
Hemerocallis disticha: Double flowers, often orange or yellow.
Hemerocallis dumortieri/dumortierii: Early blooming, with fragrant, yellow flowers.
Hemerocallis esculenta: Yellow flowers, known for its edible tubers.
Hemerocallis exaltata: Tall scapes, large, fragrant, light yellow flowers.
Hemerocallis exilis: Small, delicate plant with yellow flowers.
Hemerocallis flava: Lemon yellow, fragrant flowers, often called the "lemon lily".
Hemerocallis gracilis: Slender leaves, yellow flowers.
Hemerocallis graminea/graminifolia: Grass-like foliage, yellow flowers.
Hemerocallis hakunensis/hakuunensis: Fragrant, pale yellow to cream flowers, night blooming.
Hemerocallis hongdoensis: Orange flowers, native to Korea.
Hemerocallis japonica: Early blooming, pale yellow flowers.
Hemerocallis Kwanso: Double, orange flowers.
Hemerocallis lancifolia: Lance-shaped leaves, yellow to orange flowers.
Hemerocallis liliastrum: Fragrant, white flowers, sometimes called the "St. Bruno's lily".
Hemerocallis littorea: Yellow flowers, coastal habitat.
Hemerocallis longituba: Long, tubular flowers, often yellow or orange.
Hemerocallis lutea: Yellow flowers, a classic species.
Hemerocallis luteola: Pale yellow flowers.
Hemerocallis maculata: Flowers with spotted or marked tepals.
Hemerocallis major: Large flowers, often yellow or orange.
Hemerocallis micrantha: Small flowers, typically pale yellow.
Hemerocallis middendorffiana/middendorffii: Orange to yellow flowers, early blooming.
Hemerocallis minor: Small, yellow flowers.
Hemerocallis mucrensis: Yellow flowers with a pointed tip.
Hemerocallis multiflora: Many-flowered scapes, with small, yellow flowers.
Hemerocallis nana: Dwarf variety, with small, yellow flowers.
Hemerocallis pedicellata: Flowers with long pedicels (stalks).
Hemerocallis plantaginea: Plantain-like leaves, fragrant, yellow flowers.
Hemerocallis plicata: Flowers with pleated or folded tepals.
Hemerocallis pumila: Dwarf variety, with yellow flowers.
Hemerocallis rutilans: Reddish-orange flowers.
Hemerocallis sempervirens: Evergreen foliage, yellow flowers.
Hemerocallis sendaica: Yellow flowers, native to Japan.
Hemerocallis serotina: Late blooming, with fragrant, yellow flowers.
Hemerocallis sieboldiana/sieboldii: Early blooming, with pale yellow flowers.
Hemerocallis spicata: Flowers arranged in a spike-like inflorescence.
Hemerocallis speciosa: Showy, fragrant, yellow flowers.
Hemerocallis sulphurea: Pale yellow to sulfur-colored flowers.
Hemerocallis taeanensis: Yellow flowers, native to Korea.
Hemerocallis tazaifu: Yellow flowers with a reddish eyezone.
Hemerocallis thunbergii: Fragrant, yellow flowers, blooms in the evening.
Hemerocallis undulata: Wavy-edged tepals, yellow to orange flowers.
Hemerocallis vespertina: Evening blooming, fragrant, yellow flowers.
Hemerocallis washingtoniana: Yellow flowers, native to the western United States.
Hemerocallis yezoensis: Yellow flowers, native to Japan.

Other Characteristics:

Bloom Time: Varies greatly, with some species blooming in early spring and others in late summer or fall.
Fragrance: Many species have fragrant flowers, especially those that bloom in the evening.
Height: Ranges from dwarf varieties to those with scapes reaching several feet tall.
Foliage: Typically grass-like but can vary in width and color.

Resources for More Information:

The American Hemerocallis Society (AHS): This organization has a wealth of information on daylilies, including a database of registered cultivars and species.

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