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    • Brunnera

    Brunnera is a woodland plant that is easily grown in average, well-drained soil. Intolerant of dry soils, it prefers consistently moist, organically rich soil. In northern zones, morning sun is tolerable as long as the soil remains moist, and it needs to be grown in full shade with consistently moist soil in southern regions. Zones 3-8.

    Once established little care is needed. Cut back the old foliage in the spring rather than in the fall; it will help to protect the crown during the winter. Winter mulch is also recommended. 

    • Brunnera m Emerald Mist PP20460 20ct Flat Brunnera m Emerald Mist PP20460 20ct Flat

      Brunnera

      Brunnera m. 'Emerald Mist' PP20460 (20)ct Flat

      Brunnera macrophylla 'Emerald Mist' PP20460 (20)ct Flat Common Name: Heartleaf Brunnera, Siberian Bugloss. This variety produces the same tiny, baby blue, forget-me-not type flowers and had the same mounding habit as 'Langtrees'. A number of...

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    Brunnera macrophylla, commonly known as Siberian bugloss, is a shade-loving perennial prized for its delicate blue flowers and attractive foliage. This comprehensive guide will provide gardeners with all the essential information they need to successfully cultivate and enjoy this versatile plant, especially in those shady corners where other plants struggle to thrive.

    The genus name, Brunnera, honors Swiss botanist Samuel Brunner (1790-1844). Native to the Caucasus region, Brunnera macrophylla is a hardy perennial that thrives in USDA hardiness zones 3 to 8. It typically reaches a height of 1 ½ feet and spreads about 2 feet wide, forming a small mound. The plant is known for its heart-shaped, deep green leaves , which provide a lush backdrop for the sprays of small, bright blue flowers that resemble forget-me-nots. The flowers bloom in early to mid-spring. Brunnera macrophylla is also known to be deer-resistant, making it a suitable choice for gardens frequented by these animals.

    Care Instructions

    • Planting Location and Soil Brunnera macrophylla thrives in partial to full shade and prefers consistently moist, well-drained soil. While it can tolerate some morning sun, especially in cooler climates, it is crucial to protect it from the harsh afternoon sun, which can scorch its leaves. The ideal soil is rich in organic matter , slightly acidic to neutral in pH, and retains moisture without becoming waterlogged.
    • Watering Consistent moisture is crucial, especially during the first growing season. Water regularly, particularly during dry spells, but avoid overwatering, which can lead to root rot. Once established, Brunnera macrophylla becomes slightly more tolerant of dry soil.
    • Sunlight As a shade-loving plant, Brunnera macrophylla prefers partial to full shade. In southern regions, full shade is recommended, while in northern regions, morning sun is acceptable as long as the soil remains moist.
    • Pruning and Maintenance Brunnera macrophylla requires minimal pruning. Deadhead spent flowers to encourage further blooming and prevent self-seeding. Brunnera blooms may self-seed and readily sprout from seeds dropped the previous year. In autumn, after the first frost, cut back the foliage to the ground. To protect the crown during winter, it is advisable to cut back old foliage in spring rather than in fall. Applying a winter mulch can also provide additional protection. Mulch with a thin layer of compost in spring to add nutrients, suppress weeds, and keep the root zone cool. Plants need little or no supplemental fertilizer. If desired, apply a slow-release all-purpose fertilizer in spring or spread a thin layer of compost around the base of plants.
    • Pests and Diseases Brunnera macrophylla is generally a hardy plant and resistant to most pests and diseases, but aphids and slugs can occasionally be a problem. Monitor plants regularly for signs of infestation and take appropriate measures, such as using insecticidal soap or slug bait, if necessary. Bacterial leaf spot can also occur during hot, humid conditions, but newer varieties are more resistant to this disease.

    Varieties of Brunnera macrophylla

    Several cultivars of Brunnera macrophylla offer a variety of foliage colors and patterns. When selecting a cultivar, consider the specific needs of your garden. For instance, if your garden is prone to wind damage, opt for cultivars with firmer fronds.

    Cultivar

    Leaf Color

    Key Features

    Brunnera macrophylla 'Jack Frost'

    Silver with green veins

    Striking contrast, tolerates some sun

    Brunnera macrophylla 'Diane'

    Green with yellow margin

    Adds brightness to shady areas

    Brunnera macrophylla 'Alexander's Great'

    Green with wide silver margin

    Large, heart-shaped leaves

    Brunnera macrophylla 'Looking Glass'

    Almost entirely silver

    Unique, luminous appearance

    Brunnera macrophylla 'Hadspen Cream'

    Variegated with creamy white edges

    Adds texture and interest

    Propagating Brunnera macrophylla The easiest way to propagate Brunnera macrophylla is through division. In early spring, dig up the clump and separate it into smaller sections, ensuring each section has at least a couple of buds. Replant the divisions at the same depth as the original plant and water regularly until established. Alternatively, root cuttings can be taken in winter and grown in a greenhouse. While division is the most common method, seeds can also be collected and germinated.

    Garden Uses Brunnera macrophylla is a versatile plant that can be used in various garden settings. It excels as a groundcover in shady areas, providing a lush carpet of foliage. It can also be used to create borders or edgings, adding texture and interest to garden beds. Some cultivars are well-suited for container gardening, allowing you to enjoy their beauty on patios or decks. When grown in containers, use a well-draining potting mix and provide winter protection by moving the pots to a protected spot like a shed or garage.

    Companion Plants Brunnera macrophylla pairs well with various shade-loving companions. Consider planting it alongside Lamium, Hellebores, Pulmonaria, or Solomon's Seal to create a dynamic and textured display in your shade garden.

    Brunnera macrophylla is a valuable addition to any shade garden. Its attractive foliage, delicate blue flowers, and low-maintenance nature make it a favorite among gardeners. By following the care instructions outlined in this guide, gardeners can ensure their Brunnera macrophylla thrives and provides long-lasting beauty in their gardens. Why not experiment with different cultivars and discover the perfect Brunnera macrophylla to enhance your own garden?

    Planting Brunnera offers a multitude of benefits for your garden. Its shade tolerance, beautiful foliage, and spring blooms make it a valuable addition to any landscape, while its low-maintenance nature and versatility ensure it will be a joy to grow for years to come.

    Shade Tolerance: Brunnera thrives in partial to full shade, making it an ideal choice for areas where many other plants struggle. This allows for beautiful greenery and color in those tricky, low-light spots of your garden.

    Attractive Foliage: The heart-shaped leaves of Brunnera come in various shades of green, silver, and variegated patterns. Cultivars like 'Jack Frost' are particularly striking with their silvery leaves and dark green veining, offering year-round visual interest.

    Spring Blooms: Clusters of delicate blue flowers resembling forget-me-nots appear in spring, brightening up shady areas and attracting pollinators like bees and butterflies.

    Low Maintenance: Brunnera is generally pest and disease resistant, and once established, it requires minimal care. This makes it a perfect choice for busy gardeners or those looking for hassle-free plants.

    Ground Cover Potential: With its spreading habit, Brunnera can create a lush ground cover in shady areas, suppressing weeds and preventing soil erosion.

    Versatile Use: Brunnera works well in various settings, including woodland gardens, shady borders, container plantings, and even as an edging plant.

    Long Lifespan: Brunnera is a perennial, meaning it will come back year after year, providing beauty and enjoyment for many seasons.

    Attracts Pollinators: The nectar and pollen-rich flowers are a valuable food source for bees, butterflies, and other beneficial insects, contributing to the overall health of your garden ecosystem.

    Adds Texture and Contrast: The varied textures and colors of Brunnera leaves can add depth and visual interest to your garden design, creating a pleasing contrast with other shade-loving plants.

    Easy to Propagate: Brunnera can be easily divided to create new plants, allowing you to expand your collection or share with friends and family.

    Brunnera, commonly known as Siberian bugloss or false forget-me-not, is a genus of flowering plants in the borage family (Boraginaceae). Native to woodlands in Eastern Europe and parts of Asia, Brunnera is cherished for its heart-shaped leaves and delicate blue flowers that resemble forget-me-nots. It is a shade-loving perennial that adds a touch of charm and elegance to shady gardens and woodland landscapes.

    Leaves: Brunnera has attractive, heart-shaped leaves that can be green, variegated, or silver. Some cultivars, like 'Jack Frost', have stunning silvery-white leaves with prominent green veins.

    Flowers: The small, blue flowers appear in clusters above the foliage in spring. They provide a welcome splash of color in shady areas.

    Size: Brunnera typically grows to a height of 12-18 inches and spreads slowly to form a clump.

    Growing Conditions

    • Light: Brunnera prefers partial to full shade. Too much sun can scorch the leaves, particularly those of variegated cultivars.
    • Soil: It thrives in moist, well-drained soil that is rich in organic matter.
    • Water: Regular watering is essential, especially during dry periods. Brunnera prefers consistently moist soil.
    • Hardiness: Most species are hardy in USDA Zones 3-8.

    Popular Cultivars

    • 'Jack Frost': This cultivar is highly sought-after for its silvery-white leaves with green veins. It adds a striking contrast to shady gardens.
    • 'Looking Glass': This cultivar has large, silver leaves with a reflective sheen. It is a showstopper in any shade garden.
    • 'Hadspen Cream': This cultivar features variegated leaves with creamy yellow margins. It adds a touch of brightness to shady areas.

    Care Tips

    • Watering: Keep the soil consistently moist, especially during hot weather.
    • Mulching: Mulch around the plants to help retain moisture and suppress weeds.
    • Dividing: Divide clumps every few years in spring or fall to maintain vigor and control spread.
    • Pests and Diseases: Brunnera is generally pest and disease resistant.

    Brunnera is a versatile and low-maintenance perennial that brings a touch of elegance to shady gardens. Its beautiful foliage and delicate flowers are sure to brighten any shady spot.

    Kingdom: Plantae Clade: Tracheophytes Clade: Angiosperms Clade: Eudicots Clade: Asterids Order: Boraginales Family: Boraginaceae Genus: 1 Brunnera Species: Brunnera macrophylla  

    Common names for this plant include Siberian bugloss, great forget-me-not, largeleaf brunnera, and heartleaf. It is native to the Caucasus region but is a popular ornamental plant in gardens worldwide.

    Brunnera macrophylla is a herbaceous perennial with a distinctive appearance. Here is a breakdown of its morphology:

    Overall Form:

    • Clump-forming: It grows in dense clumps, spreading slowly via rhizomes (underground stems).
    • Height: Typically reaches 12-18 inches in height.
    • Spread: Can spread 12-24 inches wide.

    Leaves:

    • Basal: The majority of leaves arise in a rosette at the base of the plant.
    • Shape: Heart-shaped (cordate) or broadly ovate with a pointed tip.
    • Size: Relatively large, reaching up to 6 inches long.
    • Color: Typically dark green, but many cultivars offer striking variegation with silver, white, or cream markings.
    • Texture: Slightly rough or hairy to the touch.

    Flowers:

    • Inflorescence: Small, delicate flowers are borne in loose, airy clusters called cymes.
    • Color: Predominantly sky blue, reminiscent of forget-me-nots, with a small white center.
    • Bloom time: Primarily in spring, but sporadic flowering can occur throughout the growing season.

    Stems:

    • Slender and wiry: Holding the flower clusters above the foliage.
    • Color: Usually green.

    Roots:

    • Rhizomatous: These underground stems allow the plant to spread gradually.

    Fruit:

    • Small nutlets: Develop after flowering but are not particularly showy.

    This combination of features - the heart-shaped leaves, delicate blue flowers, and clumping habit - makes Brunnera macrophylla a desirable and easily recognizable garden plant.

    Brunnera macrophylla, with its charming blue flowers and attractive foliage, is thankfully quite easy to cultivate. Here is a guide to help you grow thriving Brunnera:

    Ideal Conditions:

    • Light: Partial shade to full shade is best. It can tolerate some morning sun, but harsh afternoon sun, especially in hot climates, can scorch the leaves.
    • Soil: Prefers moist, well-drained soil rich in organic matter. Clay, loam, or sandy soil is suitable, but good drainage is crucial.
    • Moisture: Keep the soil consistently moist, but not soggy. Water regularly, particularly during dry spells.
    • pH: Tolerates a wide range of soil pH, from acidic to alkaline.

    Planting:

    • Timing: Spring or fall is the ideal time for planting.
    • Spacing: Space plants about 18-24 inches apart to allow for spreading.
    • Depth: Plant the crown (where the stems meet the roots) at the same level as it was in the pot.

    Care:

    • Watering: Consistent moisture is key, especially during the first growing season.
    • Fertilizing: Not a heavy feeder. A light application of balanced fertilizer in spring is usually sufficient.
    • Mulching: Apply a layer of organic mulch (like shredded bark) to help retain soil moisture and suppress weeds.
    • Dividing: Every few years, in spring or fall, you can divide clumps to maintain vigor and propagate new plants.
    • Pruning: Remove any damaged or faded foliage to keep the plant looking tidy. You can cut back the foliage in late fall or early spring but leaving it over winter can provide some frost protection.
    • Pests and Diseases: Generally, quite resistant, but can be susceptible to slugs, snails, and powdery mildew.

    Cultivars:

    There are many beautiful cultivars of Brunnera macrophylla available, offering variations in leaf color and pattern. Some popular ones include:

    • 'Jack Frost': Silver leaves with green veins.
    • 'Looking Glass': Almost entirely silver leaves.
    • 'Hadspen Cream': Green leaves with creamy-white margins.
    • 'King's Ransom': Silver leaves with dark green veins and red stems.

    With proper care, Brunnera macrophylla will reward you with its lovely foliage and delicate blooms for many years.

    Here is a comprehensive calendar of care for Brunnera macrophylla, covering the key tasks for each season:

    Spring:

    • Early Spring:
      • Gradually remove winter mulch as temperatures warm.
      • Inspect for any winter damage and prune out dead or damaged leaves.
      • Divide large clumps if needed (every 3-4 years) to propagate.
    • Mid-Spring:
      • Apply a light general-purpose fertilizer.
      • Monitor for pests like slugs and snails and take appropriate action.

    Summer:

    • Watering: Keep the soil consistently moist but avoid overwatering. Mulch around the plants to help retain moisture.
    • Deadheading: Remove spent blooms to encourage continued flowering.
    • Monitoring: Watch for powdery mildew and treat if necessary.

    Fall:

    • Late Fall:
      • Cut back any remaining foliage to about 6 inches above the ground.
      • Apply a fresh layer of mulch to protect the crowns during winter.
      • In colder climates, consider covering the plants with additional protection like leaves or burlap.

    Winter:

    • Dormant Period: Brunnera macrophylla goes dormant in winter.
    • Minimal Care: Protect the crowns from harsh frost by maintaining a layer of mulch.
    • Avoid Watering: Reduce watering significantly, as the plant is largely dormant.

    Additional Tips:

    • Deadheading: Regularly remove faded flowers to promote continuous blooming and prolong the overall display.
    • Dividing: Divide clumps in spring or early fall. Dig up the entire clump, carefully separate portions with healthy roots, and replant them.
    • Pests: Monitor for slugs and snails, which can damage the foliage. Handpick them or use organic deterrents.
    • Diseases: Powdery mildew can be a problem in humid conditions. Treat with a fungicide if necessary.

    By following this calendar of care, you can ensure that your Brunnera macrophylla thrives and provides a beautiful display of color and texture in your garden.

    The nuances within Brunnera macrophylla, there is a delightful array of varieties and cultivars that have emerged, mostly focused on variations in leaf color and pattern. Here is a breakdown:

    Species:

    • Brunnera macrophylla: This is the original species, with its characteristic heart-shaped green leaves and true-blue forget-me-not flowers.

    Groups (informal):

    While not official taxonomic groups, gardeners often categorize Brunnera macrophylla cultivars based on their foliage:

    • Silver-Leaved: This is the most popular group, with cultivars exhibiting striking silver or white variegation on their leaves.
    • Variegated: A broader category that includes silver-leaved types, but also those with cream, yellow, or gold markings.
    • Green-Leaved: Cultivars that retain the original green foliage of the species, sometimes with subtle variations in texture or shade.

    Varieties:

    • There are no officially recognized botanical varieties within Brunnera macrophylla. The term "variety" is sometimes used loosely to refer to different cultivars.

    Cultivars (a selection of popular ones):

    • 'Jack Frost': The most famous cultivar, with silvery leaves heavily etched with green veins.
    • 'Looking Glass': Takes the silver effect even further, with leaves that are almost entirely silver, creating a luminous effect.
    • 'Hadspen Cream': Offers a reversed variegation pattern, with creamy-white margins on green leaves.
    • 'King's Ransom': Combines silver leaves with dark green veins and adds red stems for extra interest.
    • 'Alexander's Great': Boasts large, dramatic leaves with silver veining and a wider spread than other cultivars.
    • 'Sea Heart': Notable for its thick, textured leaves with a unique green and white marbling.
    • 'Jack of Diamonds': Features the largest leaves among Brunnera cultivars, with a bold silver and green pattern.
    • 'Dawson's White': Displays creamy-white margins that gradually fade to green as the season progresses.
    • 'Emerald Mist': A newer cultivar with green leaves speckled with silver, creating a misty effect.

    This is just a glimpse into the diverse world of Brunnera macrophylla cultivars. Breeders continue to develop new and exciting variations, offering a wide range of options for gardeners to add this beautiful plant to their shady landscapes.

    Brunnera macrophylla is a fantastic choice for mass planting in shady areas! Its clumping habit, attractive foliage, and delicate blue flowers create a stunning carpet of color and texture. Here is why it works so well and how to do it effectively:  

    Why Brunnera excels in mass plantings:

    • Ground coverage: Spreads gradually to form a dense groundcover, suppressing weeds and creating a lush, filled-in look.
    • Shade tolerance: Thrives in partial to full shade, making it ideal for areas under trees or along shaded borders.
    • Textural interest: The heart-shaped leaves, often with variegation, add visual interest even when not in bloom.
    • Long season appeal: While the main bloom period is spring, the foliage remains attractive throughout the growing season.
    • Low maintenance: Once established, it requires minimal care, making it a great choice for large-scale plantings.

    Tips for successful mass planting:

    • Spacing: Space plants about 18-24 inches apart. This allows them to fill in nicely without overcrowding.
    • Soil preparation: Amend the soil with organic matter to improve drainage and fertility.
    • Planting depth: Plant the crowns at the same level as they were in their pots.
    • Watering: Water thoroughly after planting and keep the soil consistently moist, especially during the first year.
    • Mulching: Apply a layer of organic mulch to retain moisture and suppress weeds.
    • Cultivar selection: Consider the mature size and spread of different cultivars. Some, like 'Alexander's Great', have a larger spread and may need more space.
    • Color combinations: Combine different cultivars with varying leaf colors for a dynamic display. For example, mix 'Jack Frost' with 'Hadspen Cream' or 'Looking Glass' for a striking contrast.

    Design ideas:

    • Woodland gardens: Create a naturalistic look by planting Brunnera alongside ferns, hostas, and other shade-loving perennials.
    • Border edges: Use Brunnera to soften the edges of pathways or garden beds.
    • Underplanting: Plant Brunnera beneath deciduous trees to add color and interest to the understory.
    • Slope stabilization: Its spreading habit can help to stabilize slopes and prevent erosion.

    With a little planning and care, a mass planting of Brunnera macrophylla can transform a shady area into a breathtaking tapestry of foliage and flowers.

    Brunnera FAQ

    Common Names: Brunnera, False Forget-Me Not, Siberian Bugloss

    Botanical Name: Brunnera macrophylla

    Brunnera macrophylla, commonly known as Siberian bugloss, is a charming perennial that thrives in shady gardens. Its heart-shaped leaves and clusters of delicate blue flowers bring a touch of elegance and color to areas where many other plants struggle.

    • Attractive Foliage: Large, heart-shaped leaves, often with striking variegation, provide year-round interest.
    • Delicate Blooms: Small, blue forget-me-not-like flowers grace the plant in spring, adding a welcome touch of color to shady spots.
    • Shade Tolerance: Thrives in partial to full shade, making it perfect for woodland gardens, shady borders, and areas beneath trees.
    • Low Maintenance: Once established, Brunnera requires minimal care. It is generally pest and disease resistant.
    • Spreading Habit: Forms a slowly expanding clump, making it an excellent ground cover option for shady areas.
    • Deer and Rabbit Resistant: The rough texture of the leaves deters these common garden pests.

    Ideal Growing Conditions

    • Light: Part shade to shade, with protection from hot afternoon sun.
    • Soil: Moist, well-drained soil rich in organic matter.
    • Moisture: Prefers consistently moist soil but tolerates some dryness once established.
    • Hardiness: Hardy in USDA zones 3-8.

    Landscaping Uses

    • Shade Gardens: Brunnera is a staple in shade gardens, providing color and texture where other plants may struggle.
    • Woodland Gardens: Its natural look blends beautifully into woodland settings.
    • Borders: Use it as an edging plant or to fill in gaps in shady borders.
    • Ground Cover: Plant in masses to create a lush ground cover under trees or shrubs.
    • Containers: Can be grown in containers for patios or balconies.

    Cultivars to Consider

    • 'Jack Frost': Features stunning silvery-white leaves with prominent green veins.
    • 'Looking Glass': Displays large, silver leaves with a reflective sheen.
    • 'Hadspen Cream': Offers variegated leaves with creamy yellow margins.

    Brunnera macrophylla is a versatile and beautiful perennial that adds charm and elegance to any shady garden. Its low-maintenance nature and deer resistance make it a practical and rewarding choice for gardeners of all levels.

    This exceptional cultivar of Siberian bugloss, also known as False Forget-Me-Not or Heartleaf Brunnera, captivates with its shimmering foliage that illuminates any shady corner of the landscape. While primarily grown for its foliage, the delicate blue flowers also offer a delightful charm.

    A Hardy and Versatile Perennial

    Hardy in zones 3 to 8, 'Jack Frost' forms a graceful, rounded mound reaching 1½ feet in height and width. Its clumps gradually spread through creeping rhizomes, eventually creating a dense ground cover. The heart-shaped leaves, rough-textured and slightly hairy, boast a unique frosted, silvery-white overlay contrasting beautifully with the dark green veins and margins. This striking pattern remains vibrant throughout the growing season, provided the plant receives adequate moisture.

    Springtime Blooms and Design Possibilities

    In mid-spring, 'Jack Frost' delights with hundreds of tiny, light blue flowers with yellow centers, reminiscent of forget-me-nots. These blooms, borne in airy sprays above the foliage, last for 3-4 weeks, adding a touch of ethereal beauty to the landscape.

    This versatile perennial shines in various settings, from woodland gardens to formal beds, injecting dramatic texture into shady spots. It pairs beautifully with the fern Athyrium niponicum var. pictum 'Silver Falls' or other Japanese painted ferns, creating a captivating contrast of texture and leaf shape. It also harmonizes with astilbes, bleeding heart, Heucheras, and thrives near ponds or streams. Combining 'Jack Frost' with late-spring bulbs like daffodils results in a breathtaking spring spectacle. Its potential extends to ground covers, edging shady paths, or gracing borders.

    Thriving in Shade and Ease of Care

    'Jack Frost' flourishes in part shade, ideally with morning sun and afternoon shade, planted in moist, well-drained soil. While it prefers organic-rich soils, it also performs well in clay. Notably, it tolerates more sun than many other variegated cultivars.

    This low-maintenance perennial requires minimal care beyond supplemental watering during dry spells. Mulching helps maintain soil moisture and may even eliminate the need for additional watering. 'Jack Frost' exhibits greater heat tolerance compared to other Brunnera varieties. Although not necessary, removing spent flower stalks enhances its appearance.

    Maintenance and Propagation

    Individual older leaves can be trimmed during the growing season to maintain the clump's visual appeal. It is best to remove old foliage in spring when new leaves emerge, rather than in the fall, as the leaves offer winter protection. Winter mulch is recommended but often unnecessary.

    As a patented cultivar, unlicensed propagation for sale is prohibited. However, the fibrous-rooted plants can be divided in spring or fall. It is important to note that 'Jack Frost' will not grow true from seed.

    Brunnera macrophylla 'Jack Frost' is a truly exceptional perennial, deserving of its recognition as the Perennial Plant of the Year. Its captivating foliage, delicate blooms, and adaptability to shade make it a must-have for any garden seeking year-round beauty and effortless elegance.

    Brunnera is a genus of flowering plants in the family Boraginaceae. They are rhizomatous perennials, native to the woodlands of Eastern Europe and Northwest Asia. They have hairy leaves and sprays of blue flowers in spring. Numerous cultivars are available, which are valued as groundcover in dappled shade. The best-known species is Brunnera macrophylla, known as Siberian bugloss.

    Brunneras are shade-loving plants that prefer moist, well-drained soil. They are relatively low-maintenance and deer-resistant. They can be propagated by division or seed.

    Here are some of the different types of Brunnera:

    • Brunnera macrophylla: This is the most common type of Brunnera. It has large, heart-shaped leaves that are green or variegated with silver. The flowers are blue and bloom in early to mid-spring.
    • Brunnera macrophylla 'Jack Frost': This cultivar has silver leaves with green veins. The flowers are blue and bloom in early to mid-spring.
    • Brunnera macrophylla 'Diane': This cultivar has green leaves with a yellow margin. The flowers are blue and bloom in early to mid-spring.
    • Brunnera macrophylla 'Alexander's Great': This cultivar has large, heart-shaped leaves that are green with a wide silver margin. The flowers are blue and bloom in early to mid-spring.
    • Brunneras are a great choice for shade gardens. They are easy to care for and provide beautiful color and interest throughout the year.

    Planting Brunnera is a fairly straightforward process, but there are a few key things to keep in mind for success:

    Choosing the right spot:

    • Light: Brunnera thrives in shady or partially shaded areas. Avoid planting in full sun, especially hot afternoon sun, as it can scorch the leaves.
    • Soil: They prefer moist, well-draining soil rich in organic matter. If your soil is heavy clay, amend it with compost or other organic matter to improve drainage.
    • Spacing: Plant Brunnera 12-24 inches apart, depending on the variety and desired mature size.

    Planting steps:

    • Prepare the planting site: Clear the area of weeds and debris. If your soil is poor, mix in compost or aged manure to improve drainage and fertility.
    • Dig a hole: Dig a hole slightly wider and deeper than the root ball of your Brunnera plant.
    • Place the plant: Gently remove the plant from its container and loosen any tightly bound roots. Place the plant in the hole, ensuring the top of the root ball is level with the surrounding soil.
    • Backfill and water: Fill the hole with soil and tamp it down gently to remove air pockets. Water the plant thoroughly.
    • Mulch (optional): Apply a layer of mulch around the base of the plant to help retain moisture and suppress weeds.

    Additional tips:

    • Water your Brunnera regularly, especially during the first few weeks after planting and during dry spells.
    • Deadhead spent flower stalks to encourage more blooms and prevent unwanted self-seeding.
    • Cut back any brown or damaged leaves throughout the season.
    • You can divide established Brunnera clumps every 3-4 years in early spring or fall to rejuvenate the plants and create more.

    By following these simple steps, you can successfully plant Brunnera and enjoy its beautiful foliage and charming blooms for years to come.

    Brunnera, particularly Brunnera macrophylla, boasts a delightful variety of cultivars, each offering unique characteristics in terms of foliage color, size, and even flower hue. Here is a glimpse into some popular varieties:

    Leaf Color Variations:

    • Silver Stars: As the name suggests, this cultivar shines with shimmering silver leaves, boasting subtle green veining for contrast.
    • Jack Frost: A classic choice, Jack Frost features captivating silvery leaves with prominent green veins, creating a frosty, wintery appeal.
    • Looking Glass: True to its name, Looking Glass lives up to its reflective name with its incredibly silver leaves, adding a touch of elegance to the shade garden.
    • Hadspen Cream: This cultivar flaunts large, chartreuse-green leaves edged with creamy white, making it a standout amongst its greener counterparts.
    • Diane Gold: Vibrant chartreuse foliage defines Diane Gold, offering a sunny pop of color amidst the usual greens and silvers.

    Leaf Pattern Variations:

    • Alexander's Great: This majestic cultivar boasts enormous, heart-shaped leaves with a wide silver margin, making it a true showstopper.
    • Sea Heart: If you seek a dynamic display, Sea Heart offers leaves that start olive green with silver tracery, maturing to lavender-purple, and blooming with white and blue flowers that transition to lavender-purple.
    • Variegata: This classic cultivar presents green leaves adorned with irregular creamy-white variegation, adding a touch of whimsy to the shade.
    • Herzblut: For a touch of drama, Herzblut features heart-shaped leaves with dark green centers and contrasting burgundy-red margins.

    Flower Color Variations:

    • Dawson's White: While most Brunnera boast blue flowers, Dawson's White is a unique exception, displaying pristine white blooms that complement its silver foliage beautifully.
    • Silver Heart: This cultivar offers classic blue flowers that perfectly complement its silvery leaves, creating a timeless and elegant combination.

    Remember, these are just a few examples, and the world of Brunnera cultivars is vast and ever-expanding. When choosing yours, consider the desired leaf color, pattern, size, and even flower hue to find the perfect fit for your garden's aesthetic and your personal preferences.

    Caring for Brunnera in your garden is quite easy, as they are generally low-maintenance plants. Here is a quick guide to keep your Brunnera thriving:

    Lighting:

    Brunnera prefers shady or partially shaded areas. Avoid planting in full sun, especially hot afternoon sun, which can scorch the leaves.

    Watering:

    Water your Brunnera regularly, especially during the first few weeks after planting and during dry spells. Aim to keep the soil evenly moist but avoid overwatering.

    As the plant matures, it becomes more drought-tolerant and may not require frequent watering except during extended dry periods.

    Soil:

    They prefer moist, well-draining soil rich in organic matter. If your soil is heavy clay, amend it with compost or other organic matter to improve drainage.

    Mulching:

    Applying a layer of mulch around the base of the plant helps retain moisture, suppress weeds, and regulate soil temperature. Use organic mulch like shredded bark or compost.

    Feeding:

    Brunnera generally does not require heavy feeding. However, you can provide a light feeding of balanced fertilizer in early spring to encourage healthy growth.

    Deadheading:

    Deadhead spent flower stalks to encourage more blooms and prevent unwanted self-seeding. Simply snip off the faded flowers with sharp pruners.

    Pruning:

    Cut back any brown or damaged leaves throughout the season to maintain the plant's appearance.

    In late fall or early spring, you can also cut back the entire plant to ground level. This will encourage new growth in the spring.

    Dividing:

    You can divide established Brunnera clumps every 3-4 years in early spring or fall to rejuvenate the plants and create more. Simply dig up the clump, carefully separate the divisions, and replant them in new locations.

    Pests and Diseases:

    Brunnera is generally resistant to most pests and diseases. However, they can be susceptible to slugs and snails, especially in damp conditions. You can handpick these pests or use organic control methods like beer traps or diatomaceous earth.

    By following these simple care tips, you can ensure your Brunnera thrives and adds its unique charm to your garden for many years to come.

    Brunnera plants do attract pollinators! They offer several features that make them appealing to various pollinators, including:

    Colorful flowers: Brunnera typically produces clusters of small, blue flowers in spring or early summer. While the individual blooms might be small, their clustered nature creates a visually attractive display that catches the attention of pollinators.

    Nectar and pollen: The flowers of Brunnera contain nectar and pollen, which are valuable food sources for pollinators like bees, butterflies, and hummingbirds. The readily available nectar provides them with energy, while the pollen serves as a source of protein and fat for their young.

    Open flower structure: The trumpet-shaped or bell-shaped flowers of Brunnera have an open structure, making it easy for pollinators to access the nectar and pollen inside. This accessibility further enhances their attractiveness to these beneficial insects.

    Bloom time: Brunnera blooms in spring or early summer, coinciding with the peak activity period of many pollinators. This timing ensures there is a readily available food source when pollinators are most active and searching for sustenance.

    Plant fragrance: While not as strongly scented as some other pollinator-attracting plants, some Brunnera cultivars, like 'Jack Frost', emit a subtle, sweet fragrance that can further entice pollinators.

    Habitat for beneficial insects: The foliage of Brunnera provides shelter and habitat for beneficial insects like ladybugs and lacewings, which can help control pest populations in your garden. These beneficial insects often become prey for pollinators, creating an additional food source and further strengthening the connection between Brunnera and pollinator populations.

    Therefore, including Brunnera in your garden can not only add beautiful foliage and blooms, but also contribute to a healthy and vibrant ecosystem by attracting and supporting valuable pollinators.

    Brunnera are generally pretty trouble-free plants, but there are a few pests and diseases that can occasionally cause problems.

    • Slugs and snails: These slimy creatures love to munch on the tender leaves of Brunnera. You can handpick them off at night or set traps to catch them. There are also several commercial slug and snail baits available.
    • Aphids: These tiny sap-sucking insects can weaken Brunnera plants and stunt their growth. If you see aphids on your plants, you can blast them off with a strong jet of water or treat them with insecticidal soap.
    • Root rot: This fungal disease can cause the roots of Brunnera plants to rot, eventually killing the plant. Root rot is most likely to occur in poorly drained soil. If you think your Brunnera has root rot, you will need to dig it up and repot it in fresh, well-draining soil.
    • Botrytis: This fungal disease can cause Brunnera leaves to develop brown spots and wilt. Botrytis is most likely to occur in cool, damp conditions. If you see signs of Botrytis, remove the affected leaves, and improve air circulation around your plants.
    • Fusarium: This fungal disease can cause Brunnera stems to wilt and turn brown. Fusarium is most likely to occur in hot, humid conditions. If you see signs of Fusarium, remove the affected stems and water your plants less frequently.
    • Bacterial leaf spot: This bacterial disease can cause Brunnera leaves to develop small, brown spots. Bacterial leaf spot is most likely to occur in hot, humid conditions. If you see signs of bacterial leaf spot, remove the affected leaves and water your plants less frequently.

    By following these tips, you can help keep your Brunnera plants healthy and pest-free.

    Yes, you absolutely can use Brunnera in floral arrangements! In fact, it is a popular choice for florists and home gardeners alike. Here is why:

    • Beautiful foliage: Brunnera has stunning foliage that comes in a variety of colors, from silver and green to chartreuse and deep purple. The leaves are also heart-shaped, which adds a touch of whimsy to arrangements.
    • Long-lasting flowers: The delicate blue flowers of Brunnera may not be the star of the show, but they are definitely charming and long-lasting. They can add a touch of elegance and softness to arrangements.
    • Versatility: Brunnera can be used in a variety of floral arrangements, from rustic to modern. It pairs well with a wide range of other flowers, including roses, lilies, hydrangeas, and tulips.

    Here are some tips for using Brunnera in floral arrangements:

    • Cut the stems early in the morning when the flowers are at their peak.
    • Remove any lower leaves that will be submerged in water.
    • Condition the stems in lukewarm water for a few hours before using them.
    • Brunnera stems can be a bit soft, so be careful not to break them when arranging them.
    • Use Brunnera as a filler flower or accent.

    With its beautiful foliage and long-lasting flowers, Brunnera is a great addition to any floral arrangement.

    Brunnera's invasiveness depends on several factors, including the specific variety, your local climate, and your gardening practices. While not generally considered highly invasive, it is essential to be aware of its potential to spread under certain conditions.

    Why Brunnera might be considered invasive:

    • Spreads through rhizomes: Brunnera spreads underground through rhizomes, which are root-like stems. In ideal conditions with ample moisture and loose soil, these rhizomes can travel and form new plants, potentially encroaching on neighboring plants.
    • Self-seeds in some regions: In warmer climates, certain Brunnera varieties can produce viable seeds that germinate and spread the plant further.

    Why Brunnera is often seen as non-invasive:

    • Relatively slow spread: The rate of Brunnera's spread through rhizomes is generally slow and manageable. It is unlikely to become a nuisance in most gardens.
    • Does not aggressively compete: Unlike some truly invasive plants, Brunnera does not typically outcompete and harm native vegetation.
    • Easy to control: With proper monitoring and occasional division, you can easily keep Brunnera contained within your desired area.

    Factors to consider:

    • Variety: Some Brunnera varieties, like 'Jack Frost' and 'Diane's Gold,' are known to be more aggressive spreaders than others, like 'Alexander's Great.'
    • Climate: Warmer climates with ample moisture can encourage faster spread through rhizomes and self-seeding.
    • Gardening practices: Planting Brunnera in well-drained soil and dividing it every few years can help prevent excessive spread.

    In conclusion:

    • Brunnera generally is not a major invasive concern.
    • Be mindful of its spreading potential, especially in warmer climates or with aggressive varieties.
    • Proper planting and care can easily keep Brunnera under control.
    • If you are concerned about invasiveness, opt for less aggressive varieties, and monitor their growth.

    By understanding these factors and taking appropriate measures, you can enjoy the beauty of Brunnera in your garden without worrying about it becoming a problem.

    The best time to divide Brunnera plants depends on your climate and personal preference, but there are two main options:

    Early Spring (before new growth emerges):

    • Pros: Cool soil temperatures and spring rains provide ideal conditions for root establishment, leading to faster recovery and better growth throughout the season.
    • Cons: You might accidentally damage emerging shoots if they have not fully emerged yet.

    Early Fall (after flowering and before the ground freezes):

    • Pros: Plants have had a full season to grow and store energy, leading to better resilience during transplanting. Cooler temperatures and fall rains also aid in establishment.
    • Cons: Plants may take longer to establish themselves before winter dormancy, especially in colder climates.

    Ultimately, the best time for you depends on your specific situation:

    • In mild climates: Either spring or fall is suitable. Choose spring if you prioritize faster initial growth or fall if you prefer established plants before winter.
    • In colder climates: Fall is generally the safer option, as plants have more time to establish before the harsh winter arrives.
    • For large clumps: Dividing in fall is often recommended, as the cooler temperatures and moist soil make it easier for larger sections to recover.

    Here are some additional tips for dividing Brunnera:

    • Water the plant thoroughly a few days before dividing.
    • Use a sharp spade or fork to carefully lift the entire clump.
    • Gently tease the clump apart into smaller sections, each with a good number of roots and healthy crowns.
    • Remove any diseased or damaged roots.
    • Replant the divisions in well-drained soil, spacing them according to their mature size.
    • Water the newly planted divisions well and keep them moist until they are established.

    By following these tips, you can successfully divide your Brunnera plants and enjoy their beautiful foliage and flowers for many years to come.