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Euonymus

Euonymus f. 'Coloratus' (bare root plant)

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Euonymus f. 'Coloratus' (3.5 inch pot)

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Euonymus f. 'Coloratus' (2.5 inch pot)

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Euonymus

Euonymus f. 'Acutus' (bare root plant)

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Euonymus f. 'Acutus' (3.5 inch pot)

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Euonymus

Euonymus f. 'Coloratus' (18)ct Flat

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Euonymus

Euonymus f. 'Coloratus' (bare root plant)

Euonymus fortunei 'Coloratus' bare root plantCommon Name: Purple Wintercreeper Mature height up to 2', spread 3', climbs 20' Hardiness Zone: 5-8 Full Sun to Shade Tough Ground Cover Leaves turn...

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Euonymus

Euonymus f. 'Coloratus' (3.5 inch pot)

Euonymus fortunei 'Coloratus' (3.5-inch pot)Common Name: Purple Wintercreeper Mature height up to 2', spread 3', climbs 20' Hardiness Zone: 5-8 Full Sun to Shade Tough Ground Cover Leaves turn...

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Euonymus

Euonymus f. 'Coloratus' (2.5 inch pot)

Euonymus fortunei 'Coloratus' (2.5-inch pot)Common Name: Purple Wintercreeper Mature height up to 2', spread 3', climbs 20' Hardiness Zone: 5-8 Full Sun to Shade Tough Ground Cover Leaves turn...

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Euonymus

Euonymus f. 'Acutus' (bare root plant)

Euonymus fortunei 'Acutus' bare root plantCommon Name: Wintercreeper Height: 12-24 Inches Spread: 2-3 Feet Space 12-18 inches apart. Hardiness Zone: 5-8 Full Sun to Shade Tough Ground Cover...

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Euonymus

Euonymus f. 'Acutus' (3.5 inch pot)

Euonymus fortunei 'Acutus' (3.5-inch pot)Common Name: Wintercreeper Height: 12-24 Inches Spread: 2-3 Feet Space 12-18 inches apart. Hardiness Zone: 5-8 Full Sun to Shade Tough Ground Cover Only...

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Euonymus

Euonymus f. 'Coloratus' (18)ct Flat

Euonymus fortunei 'Coloratus' a/k/a Japanese Euonymus, purple leaf wintercreeper, wintercreeper euonymus, purple wintercreeper euonymus Zone: 4 to 9. Sun to Shade. Mature size: 8 to 24 inches...

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What Is Euonymus?

Euonymus is a genus of flowering plants in the staff vine family, Celastraceae. It comprises about 130 species of deciduous and evergreen shrubs, small trees, and lianas. They are mostly native to East Asia, extending to the Himalayas, and they are also distributed in Europe, Australasia, North America, and Madagascar. Fifty species are endemic to China.

Some common names for Euonymus include spindle (or spindle tree), burning-bush, strawberry-bush, wahoo, wintercreeper, or simply euonymus.

The leaves of Euonymus plants are typically opposite, simple, and elliptical or ovate. They may be evergreen or deciduous.

The flowers of Euonymus plants are small and inconspicuous, typically greenish, or white. They are usually borne in clusters in the axils of the leaves.

The fruits of Euonymus plants are capsules or berries. The capsules split open to reveal orange or red seeds. The berries are usually orange or red and may be poisonous to humans and animals.

Euonymus plants are popular garden shrubs, grown for their foliage, the deciduous species often exhibiting very bright red autumnal colors, and also for the decorative berries. However, some species, such as Euonymus alatus (winged euonymus or burning bush), are considered invasive species in some parts of the world.

How Do I Plant Euonymus?

Planting Euonymus successfully is quite straightforward, but the method depends on several factors, like the planting time, specific variety, and whether you are using seeds, transplants, or cuttings. Here is a general guide with different options to consider:

When to Plant:

Spring: Ideal for colder climates (after the last frost) as it gives the plant time to establish before winter.

Fall: Suitable for some varieties, especially broadleaf evergreens in warm climates. Research your specific type first.

Planting from a Container:

Choose a location: Select a spot with suitable sunlight (full sun to partial shade, depending on the variety). Avoid harsh afternoon sun in hot climates.

Prepare the hole: Dig a hole about 1.5 times wider and as deep as the root ball of your Euonymus. Loosen the soil at the bottom of the hole.

Remove the plant: Gently take the Euonymus out of its container, loosening the roots if they are tightly packed. Avoid disturbing the root ball too much.

Position and backfill: Place the Euonymus in the hole with the top of the root ball at ground level. Fill the hole with the original soil, gently pressing it around the roots to eliminate air pockets.

Water deeply: Give the plant a thorough watering to settle the soil and saturate the roots.

Mulch: Apply a layer of organic mulch (2-3 inches) around the base of the plant to retain moisture and suppress weeds.

Planting Seeds:

Stratification: In late fall, collect ripe berries and extract the seeds. Clean and air-dry them. Place in a moist sand-filled baggie and refrigerate for 3 months (40°F) to mimic winter conditions.

Sowing: In spring or summer, sow the seeds in well-draining soil at a depth of 1/4 inch. Maintain moist soil and keep the area weed-free.

Thinning: Once seedlings emerge and have a few leaves, thin them to their appropriate spacing based on the mature size of the variety.

Planting Cuttings:

Take cuttings: In late spring or early summer, select healthy stems about 4-6 inches long with four pairs of leaves. Make a clean cut just below a leaf node.

Prepare the cuttings: Dip the bottom inch of the stem in rooting hormone (optional). Trim off the bottom two leaves, leaving bare stem.

Potting: Plant the cuttings in a pot filled with a well-draining potting mix. Water the mixture and ensure drainage.

Care: Place the pot in a bright, indirect light location and keep the soil moist but not soggy. Cover with a plastic bag to maintain humidity until roots develop.

Transplanting: Once roots are established (several weeks), harden off the cuttings gradually to full sun for a few hours daily before transplanting to the garden.

Additional Tips:

Water regularly, especially during the first year, until the plant is established.

Apply a balanced fertilizer in spring and summer, following the instructions on the product.

Prune lightly to maintain shape and remove dead or diseased branches.

Be aware that some Euonymus berries are poisonous, so caution is advised with children and pets.

Remember to research the specific needs of your Euonymus variety, as certain cultivars might have slightly different planting requirements.

What Are The Different Varieties Of Euonymus?

Euonymus boasts a fantastic variety, offering options for various garden needs and aesthetics. Here is a glimpse into some popular types:

By Growth Habit:

Shrubs:

Burning Bush (Euonymus alatus): Deciduous, fiery red autumn foliage, ideal for hedges and borders.

Emerald Gaiety (Euonymus fortunei 'Emerald Gaiety'): Evergreen, variegated green and white leaves, perfect for groundcovers and containers.

Green Spire (Euonymus fortunei 'Green Spire'): Upright evergreen shrub with glossy green leaves, suited for hedges and screens.

Vines:

Wintercreeper (Euonymus fortunei): Versatile evergreen vine with dark green leaves, excellent for climbing walls and trellises.

Mondo Grass (Ophiopogon japonicus): Technically not Euonymus, but often grouped with them, forms lush, low-growing mounds with dark green foliage, ideal for borders and edging.

Trees:

Eastern Wahoo (Euonymus atropurpureus): Deciduous tree with stunning orange-red autumn foliage and showy pink fruits, good for larger gardens.

Fleshy-Flowered Spindletree (Euonymus carnosus): Evergreen small tree with glossy green leaves and fragrant, creamy-white flowers, suited for warmer climates.

By Foliage:

Variegated:

Silver Queen (Euonymus fortunei 'Silver Queen'): Narrow, upright evergreen with silver-edged green leaves, ideal for adding contrast and texture.

Moonshadow (Euonymus fortunei 'Moonshadow'): Evergreen with creamy-yellow centers and dark green borders, perfect for brightening shady areas.

Green:

Green Lane (Euonymus fortunei 'Green Lane'): Fast-growing evergreen shrub with deep green, glossy leaves, suitable for hedges and screening.

Emerald 'n Gold (Euonymus fortunei 'Emerald 'n Gold'): Evergreen with rich green leaves and golden variegation, excellent for low hedges and borders.

By Autumn Color:

Red:

Fireball (Euonymus alatus 'Compactus'): Compact burning bush with intense red fall foliage, good for smaller gardens.

Princeton Sentry (Euonymus alatus 'Princeton Sentry'): Upright burning bush with brilliant red autumn color, ideal for hedges and screens.

Pink:

Pink Flair (Euonymus fortunei 'Pink Flair'): Evergreen with green leaves that turn pinkish-purple in fall, perfect for adding a touch of whimsy.

Pink Splash (Euonymus fortunei 'Pink Splash'): Evergreen with variegated green and pink leaves, ideal for containers and accent plantings.

These are just a few examples, and there are many more fascinating Euonymus varieties to explore. Consider your desired size, growth habit, foliage color, and autumn interest when choosing the perfect kind for your garden. Remember, some species can be invasive in certain regions, so be sure to research before planting.

How Do I Care For Euonymus In My Garden?

Taking care of your Euonymus in the garden requires attention to its basic needs for optimal growth and beauty. Here is a breakdown of essential care practices:

Sun and Shade:

Euonymus needs vary depending on the species. Research yours specifically.

Generally, prefer full sun to partial shade for most varieties. Too much shade can limit growth and foliage color.

Protect from harsh afternoon sun in very hot climates.

Watering:

Water regularly, especially during the first year when establishing roots.

Aim for moist but not soggy soil. Allow the top inch to dry slightly before watering again.

Reduce watering frequency in cooler months.

Soil and Mulching:

Euonymus prefers well-draining, fertile soil. Amend heavy clay with organic matter like compost to improve drainage.

Apply a layer of organic mulch (2-3 inches) around the base to retain moisture, suppress weeds, and regulate soil temperature.

Fertilization:

Fertilization is not essential but can boost growth and health.

Apply a balanced fertilizer in spring and summer following product instructions. Avoid over-fertilizing, which can damage roots.

Pruning:

Prune lightly for maintenance and shaping.

Remove dead, diseased, or damaged branches any time.

For hedging, prune after new growth flushes in spring or summer.

Be aware that pruning too heavily can affect flowering and fruiting.

Pests and Diseases:

Euonymus is generally pest-resistant but can be occasionally affected by scale, aphids, or fungal diseases.

Monitor your plant regularly and address any issues promptly with organic methods if possible.

Additional Tips:

Deadhead spent flowers to encourage more blooms, if applicable.

Wear gloves when handling any parts of the plant as some Euonymus berries are poisonous.

Be aware of invasive species potential based on your location and choose non-invasive cultivars if necessary.

Remember, specific care needs may vary based on your Euonymus variety, local climate, and soil conditions. By observing your plant and providing appropriate care, you can ensure it thrives and adds beauty to your garden for years to come.

Do Euonymus Plants Attract Pollinators?

Euonymus plants' relationship with pollinators is a bit complex and depends on several factors:

The Type of Euonymus:

Most Euonymus species have small, inconspicuous flowers with little nectar or fragrance. These features generally make them less attractive to common pollinators like bees and butterflies.

However, some species, like Euonymus kiautschovicus, have red-petaled flowers with a yogurt-like scent that are specifically adapted to attract flies and fungus gnats as their primary pollinators.

Blooming Season:

Euonymus typically bloom in spring or early summer, a time when many other more nectar-rich plants are also in bloom. This competition can further reduce their appeal to pollinators.

Other Factors:

Habitat and planting location: If your Euonymus is planted in an area with limited floral options, it may become more attractive to pollinators by default.

Individual preferences: Not all pollinators have the same preferences, and some species may find resources in Euonymus flowers that others neglect.

Overall:

While some Euonymus species may attract certain types of pollinators, they are not considered major players in pollinator gardens. Their contribution to pollination tends to be limited and opportunistic compared to plants with more specialized adaptations for attracting bees, butterflies, and other common pollinators.

If you are looking to create a garden that specifically attracts pollinators, It is generally best to focus on planting a variety of native flowering plants with more obvious pollinator-friendly features like brightly colored flowers, abundant nectar, and strong fragrance. However, if you appreciate Euonymus for its other ornamental qualities, there is no harm in including it in your garden, and it may still provide occasional sustenance for some less conventional pollinators.

Are There Any Common Pests Or Diseases That Affect Euonymus?

While Euonymus is generally considered a pretty resilient plant, it can be susceptible to certain pests and diseases. Here are some common ones to watch out for:

Pests:

Euonymus Scale: This is arguably the most common pest, appearing as tiny, armored bumps on leaves and stems. They suck sap, weakening the plant and causing stunted growth, yellowing leaves, and honeydew secretion.

Aphids: These soft-bodied insects cluster on new shoots and leaves, feeding on sap and causing distortion and discoloration.

Spider Mites: These tiny pests thrive in hot, dry conditions and cause stippling and yellowing of leaves, eventually leading to leaf drop.

Japanese Weevil: The larvae of this weevil feed on roots, particularly damaging container-grown Euonymus. You might notice leaf notching and stunting of the plant.

Diseases:

Powdery Mildew: This fungal disease appears as a white to gray powdery coating on leaves, primarily the upper surfaces. It can affect growth and aesthetics, but rarely kills the plant.

Anthracnose: This fungal disease causes brown to black lesions on leaves and stems, leading to leaf drop and branch dieback in severe cases.

Crown Gall: This bacterial disease causes abnormal growths (galls) on roots and stems, eventually reducing vigor and potentially killing the plant.

Tips for Prevention and Control:

Inspect your Euonymus regularly for signs of pests and diseases. Early detection and intervention are key.

Promote healthy conditions: Ensure proper watering, sunlight, and drainage to strengthen the plant's natural defenses.

Remove and destroy infected plant parts. Dispose of fallen leaves to prevent fungal spore spread.

Use insecticidal soap or neem oil for mild pest infestations. Avoid harsh chemicals unless absolutely necessary.

For severe infestations or fungal diseases, consider using biological controls or fungicides. Always follow product instructions carefully.

Remember, the specific pests and diseases your Euonymus might encounter will depend on your location, climate, and variety. Consulting your local nursery or cooperative extension service can provide valuable insights and tailored advice for effective pest and disease management in your area.

Can I Use Euonymus In Floral Arrangements?

Definitely use Euonymus in floral arrangements! It offers several wonderful benefits for adding texture, color, and unique interest to your designs. Here is why It is a great choice:

Foliage:

Variety: Euonymus comes in various stunning foliage options, from vibrant green and creamy white to variegated greens and yellows.

Texture: The small, delicate leaves of Euonymus provide a fine-textured contrast to larger flowers and bolder foliage.

Durability: Euonymus foliage usually lasts well in arrangements, staying fresh and vibrant for several days.

Additional benefits:

Shapes and forms: Different Euonymus varieties offer diverse branching patterns and forms, allowing you to create interesting lines and movement in your arrangements.

Seasonality: Euonymus can be used year-round. Green varieties offer versatility, while the fiery red autumn foliage of burning bush adds a dramatic fall touch.

Fillers and base elements: Euonymus works well as filler foliage, tucking around larger blooms and providing a lush background. You can also use it to build the base of your arrangements for added shape and texture.

Things to consider:

Toxicity: Be aware that some Euonymus berries are poisonous. Choose stem cuttings without berries, or wear gloves if handling any parts of the plant.

Water: Ensure the Euonymus stems are properly hydrated before adding them to your arrangement.

Combination with other flowers: Some Euonymus varieties might overpower delicate flowers. Choose complementary colors and textures for a balanced design.

Inspiration for using Euonymus:

Spring arrangements: Combine green Euonymus with pastel-colored blossoms and white flowers for a fresh and airy look.

Summer arrangements: Play with contrasting textures by pairing variegated Euonymus with bold sunflowers or dahlias.

Fall arrangements: Embrace the fiery hues of burning bush Euonymus alongside orange lilies or red berries for a vibrant autumnal feel.

Winter arrangements: Add a touch of green sophistication to winter bouquets with evergreen Euonymus alongside white roses or silver branches.

Overall, Euonymus is a versatile and interesting addition to your floral design toolbox. Experiment with different varieties and combinations to create unique and eye-catching arrangements. Just remember to choose non-toxic varieties and handle them with care due to potential berry toxicity. Have fun exploring the possibilities!

Is Euonymus Invasive?

The answer to whether Euonymus is invasive is not simple. It depends on the specific species and your location. While some Euonymus varieties are beloved ornamental plants, others have gained notoriety for their invasive tendencies, causing ecological harm in certain regions.

Here is a breakdown:

Invasive Euonymus:

Burning Bush (Euonymus alatus): This popular shrub with fiery red autumn foliage is considered invasive in many parts of North America, including the Northeast, Midwest, and Great Lakes region. It forms dense thickets, outcompeting native plants and disrupting natural ecosystems.

Wintercreeper (Euonymus fortunei): This evergreen vine boasts lush foliage and adaptability, but it can quickly become invasive in wooded areas, climbing trees, and smothering other vegetation. It is considered invasive in several eastern and midwestern US states.

European Euonymus (Euonymus europaeus): This species, also known as spindle tree, poses an invasive threat in some parts of the Pacific Northwest and Canada. It can dominate woodlands and displace native shrubs.

Non-invasive Euonymus:

Eastern Wahoo (Euonymus atropurpureus): This native North American tree offers stunning autumn foliage and attracts pollinators without the invasive risks.

Fleshy-Flowered Spindletree (Euonymus carnosus): This evergreen small tree, well-suited for warmer climates, is not listed as invasive in any known regions.

Many cultivars: Certain cultivars of popular species like Euonymus fortunei can be less invasive or sterile, reducing their spread potential.

Before planting Euonymus:

Research the specific species and its invasive potential in your area. Consult local resources like your native plant society or cooperative extension service.

Choose non-invasive Euonymus varieties whenever possible.

Dispose of unwanted plant parts responsibly to prevent accidental spread.

Remember, responsible gardening includes being mindful of potentially invasive plants. Choosing non-invasive Euonymus can ensure you enjoy their beauty without harming the ecological balance of your local environment.

When Is The Best Time To Divide Euonymus Plants?

Dividing Euonymus plants depends on the specific species, your climate, and the plant's health. However, here is a general guide to consider:

Best Time:

Early Spring (after the last frost): This allows the divided plants enough time to establish new roots and recover before winter stress. Ideal for colder climates.

Fall (before the first frost): Suitable for some varieties, especially broadleaf evergreens, in warm climates. However, monitor weather closely and ensure there's sufficient time for root establishment before cold arrives.

Factors to Consider:

Variety: Some Euonymus, like Emerald Gaiety, have a single central stem and cannot be effectively divided. Research your specific variety before attempting.

Climate: Warmer climates offer more flexibility for fall division, while colder climates favor spring.

Plant Maturity: Divide mature, healthy plants that have been established for at least 3-5 years. Avoid dividing stressed or weak plants.

Not all Euonymus are suitable for division:

Shrubs with single central stems: Emerald Gaiety, Burning Bush.

Species with shallow root systems: Wintercreeper can readily spread vegetatively and might not respond well to division.

Methods of division:

Dig and divide: Use a shovel to carefully dig around the plant, separate sections with roots attached, and replant each section in separate holes.

Root cuttings: Take sections of healthy roots in late winter or early spring, treat them with rooting hormone, and pot them up for later transplanting.

General Tips:

Maintain optimal moisture and humidity around the divided plants to encourage root growth.

Prune lightly to reduce stress and focus the plant's energy on root development.

Apply a balanced fertilizer after the initial establishment period.

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Euonymus

Euonymus f. 'Coloratus' (bare root plant)

Euonymus

Euonymus f. 'Coloratus' (3.5 inch pot)

Euonymus

Euonymus f. 'Coloratus' (2.5 inch pot)

Euonymus

Euonymus f. 'Acutus' (bare root plant)

Euonymus

Euonymus f. 'Acutus' (3.5 inch pot)

Euonymus

Euonymus f. 'Coloratus' (18)ct Flat

Euonymus

Euonymus f. 'Coloratus' (bare root plant)

Euonymus

Euonymus f. 'Coloratus' (3.5 inch pot)

Euonymus

Euonymus f. 'Coloratus' (2.5 inch pot)

Euonymus

Euonymus f. 'Acutus' (bare root plant)

Euonymus

Euonymus f. 'Acutus' (3.5 inch pot)

Euonymus

Euonymus f. 'Coloratus' (18)ct Flat