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    • Rabbit Resistant

    Transform your landscape with Rabbit Resistant plants.

    Hundreds of plant variety choices, bulk discounts, and free shipping.

    Gardeners want a definitive list of plants they can rely on to survive rabbit browsing. Unfortunately, there is no foolproof answer, as hungry rabbits may nibble on anything if desperate enough. However, they generally dislike strong scents, prickly textures, and toxic compounds.

    • Achillea Coronation Gold 3.5 inch pot Achillea Coronation Gold 3.5 inch pot

      Achillea

      Achillea 'Coronation Gold' (3.5 inch pot)

      Achillea 'Coronation Gold' (3.5-inch pot) Common name: Yarrow Height: 24-36 Inches Spread: 18-24 Inches Hardiness Zone: 3-8 Full Sun Deciduous Golden Yellow blooms - Summer Tolerates drought, heat and humidity Gray-green, aromatic fern-like foliage...

      $4.57
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    • Achillea 'Firefly Diamond' PPAF (4) 1-gallons Achillea 'Firefly Diamond' PPAF (4) 1-gallons

      Achillea

      Achillea 'Firefly Diamond' PPAF (4) 1-gallons

      Achillea 'Firefly Diamond' PPAF (4) 1-gallons Common Name: YarrowIvory white flowers contrast beautifully with its dark green foliage. Upright, columnar habit. Flowers remain attractive as they age. Height: 24.0-28.0 InchesSpread: 32.0-40.0...

      $128.22
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    • Achillea Little Moonshine 10ct Quarts

      Achillea

      Achillea 'Little Moonshine' (10)ct Quarts

      Achillea 'Little Moonshine' (10)ct Quarts Fuss-free, heat-loving bloomer with large clusters of canary yellow flowers.Compact dwarf, mounding, early blooming sport of 'Moonshine' with the same yellow flower clusters. Low maintenance, once...

      $96.89
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    • Achillea 'Moonshine' (4) 1-gallons Achillea 'Moonshine' (4) 1-gallons

      Achillea

      Achillea 'Moonshine' (4) 1-gallons

      Achillea 'Moonshine' (4) 1-gallons Common name: Yarrow. Zones 3 to 8. Full sun. Plants reach 18 to 24 inches tall and 18 to 24 inches wide, upright, compact clump-forming, Growth rate: Rapid, Easy to grow. Tiny, long-lasting canary yellow flower...

      $116.12
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    • Achillea Oertels Rose 3.5 inch pot Achillea Oertels Rose 3.5 inch pot

      Achillea

      Achillea 'Oertel's Rose' (3.5 inch pot)

      Achillea millefolium 'Oertel's Rose' (3.5-inch pot)Common Yarrow Height: 12-15 Inches Spread: 18-24 Inches Hardiness Zone: 3-9 Full Sun Evergreen Rose-Pink blooms fading to white - Summer Soft fern-like foliage Tolerates drought, heat and humidity...

      $4.57
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    Rabbits can be a real nuisance in the garden, nibbling on your precious plants! Luckily, there are many beautiful perennials that rabbits tend to avoid. Some perennials are less tempting to rabbits than others, but few are truly rabbit-proof.

    Best to combine different strategies - plant "deer and rabbit resistant" plants, use fencing or deer and rabbit repellent. Animals may have different favorites and if hungry enough, may try just about anything, especially fresh young spring greenery.

    Flowers:

    • Allium (Ornamental Onion): These have a strong oniony scent that rabbits dislike. They produce attractive globe-shaped flower clusters in various colors.
    • Catmint (Nepeta): Aromatic foliage deters rabbits, and the long-blooming flowers are a favorite of pollinators.
    • Yarrow (Achillea): The fern-like foliage and colorful flower clusters are not appealing to rabbits.
    • Lavender (Lavandula): The strong fragrance and fuzzy leaves are usually enough to keep rabbits away.
    • Penstemon: These come in a wide array of colors and have a slightly bitter taste that rabbits avoid.
    • Salvia: Many varieties of Salvia have aromatic foliage and vibrant flowers that rabbits don't like.
    • Black-eyed Susan (Rudbeckia): These tough, cheerful flowers are generally rabbit resistant.
    • Coneflower (Echinacea): These daisy-like flowers with spiky cones are not a rabbit favorite.
    • Columbine (Aquilegia): These delicate-looking flowers are surprisingly tough and rabbit resistant.

    Foliage Plants:

    • Lamb's Ears (Stachys byzantina): The fuzzy, silvery leaves are not appealing to rabbits.
    • Yucca: These spiky plants are not a rabbit's idea of a tasty meal.
    • Artemisia: Many varieties of Artemisia have a strong scent and bitter taste that rabbits avoid.
    • Heuchera (Coral Bells): These colorful foliage plants are generally rabbit resistant.
    • Ferns: Most ferns are unpalatable to rabbits.

    Tips for Deterring Rabbits:

    • Plant in masses: Rabbits are less likely to bother plants that are growing in large groups.
    • Use repellents: There are commercial rabbit repellents available, but they may need to be reapplied frequently.
    • Provide other food sources: Plant a "rabbit garden" in a less visible area with plants they enjoy, like clover or lettuce.
    • Fencing: A fence around your garden can be an effective way to keep rabbits out.

    Remember that rabbit resistance can vary depending on the individual rabbit and the availability of other food sources. If you're having trouble with rabbits in your garden, it's always a good idea to contact your local extension office for advice on specific plants and control methods for your area.

    Rabbit Resistance Plants for

    Agave

    • Dramatic foliage: Agaves are known for their striking rosettes of thick, fleshy leaves, often with sharp spines along the edges and a sharp terminal spine.
    • Architectural presence: Their bold forms make them excellent focal points in gardens, especially those with a desert or contemporary theme.
    • Drought tolerance: Agaves are succulents, storing water in their leaves, making them ideal for arid climates.
    • Slow growth, long life: Many agaves are slow-growing and can live for decades, even centuries.
    • Dramatic bloom: While most agaves bloom only once in their lifetime (monocarpic), the flower stalk can be spectacular, reaching several feet tall with clusters of flowers.

    Blanket Flower (Gaillardia)

    • Cheerful blooms: Gaillardia produces daisy-like flowers in vibrant shades of red, orange, and yellow, often with contrasting colors on the petals and central disc.
    • Long blooming season: These plants bloom profusely from early summer to fall, providing continuous color.
    • Easy care: Blanket flowers are drought-tolerant, low-maintenance, and relatively pest-free.
    • Attracts pollinators: Butterflies and bees love the bright flowers.
    • Informal, wildflower look: Gaillardia adds a touch of wild beauty to meadows, borders, and cottage gardens.

    Butterfly Weed (Asclepias)

    • Vibrant orange flowers: This native plant is known for its clusters of bright orange flowers that bloom in mid-summer.
    • Butterfly magnet: As the name suggests, it's a crucial food source for monarch butterflies and other pollinators.
    • Drought tolerance: Butterfly weed thrives in full sun and well-drained soil, making it a good choice for dry gardens.
    • Upright habit: It has an upright growth habit with lance-shaped leaves.
    • Important for wildlife: Besides butterflies, it supports other beneficial insects and birds.

    Euphorbia (Spurge)

    • Diverse forms: This large genus includes a wide variety of plants, from low-growing groundcovers to tall, shrub-like species.
    • Interesting foliage: Euphorbias often have colorful bracts (modified leaves) that surround the flowers, adding interest.
    • Unique flowers: The flowers themselves are usually small and inconspicuous, but the bracts can be showy and long-lasting.
    • Drought tolerance: Many euphorbias are adapted to dry conditions and require minimal watering.
    • Caution: The milky sap of euphorbias can be irritating to the skin and eyes.

    Sea Holly (Eryngium agavifolium)

    • Thistle-like appearance: Sea holly has spiky, silvery-blue flower heads that resemble thistles.
    • Architectural interest: The unique texture and form of the plant add a sculptural element to gardens.
    • Drought tolerance: It thrives in full sun and well-drained soil, making it suitable for dry gardens and coastal areas.
    • Long-lasting blooms: The flower heads dry well and can be used in arrangements.
    • Attracts pollinators: Bees and other beneficial insects are drawn to the flowers.

    Wormwood (Artemisia)

    • Aromatic foliage: Wormwood plants are known for their fragrant, often silvery-gray foliage.
    • Diverse forms: The genus includes a variety of plants, from low-growing groundcovers to tall shrubs.
    • Culinary and medicinal uses: Some species, like Artemisia absinthium (common wormwood), are used to make absinthe and have medicinal properties.
    • Low maintenance: Wormwood is generally easy to grow and requires little care.
    • Deer and rabbit resistant: The strong scent of the foliage deters many pests.

    Aster (Aster)

    • Appearance: Daisy-like flowers with yellow centers and petals in shades of purple, blue, pink, and white. Bushy growth habit.
    • Blooms: Late summer to fall, providing late-season color.
    • Growing Conditions: Full sun to part shade, well-drained soil.
    • Attracts: Pollinators like bees and butterflies.
    • Note: Can be prone to powdery mildew, so good air circulation is important.

    Lamb's Ears (Stachys byzantina)

    • Appearance: Soft, velvety, silver-gray foliage. Pink-purple flower spikes (often removed to focus on foliage).
    • Blooms: Summer (but flowers are insignificant).
    • Growing Conditions: Full sun to part shade, well-drained soil. Drought tolerant.
    • Texture: Adds a unique, soft texture to gardens.
    • Note: Can rot in overly wet soils.

    Lavender (Lavandula)

    • Appearance: Aromatic gray-green foliage with purple, blue, or pink flower spikes.
    • Blooms: Summer.
    • Growing Conditions: Full sun, well-drained soil. Drought tolerant.
    • Uses: Fragrant, attracts pollinators, used in dried flower arrangements and for essential oils.

    Lavender Cotton (Santolina chamaecyparissus)

    • Appearance: Silvery-gray, finely textured foliage with button-like yellow flowers.
    • Blooms: Summer.
    • Growing Conditions: Full sun, well-drained soil. Drought tolerant.
    • Uses: Often used as a low hedge or edging plant.

    Red-hot Poker (Kniphofia)

    • Appearance: Tall, striking flower spikes in fiery shades of red, orange, and yellow. Grass-like foliage.
    • Blooms: Summer.
    • Growing Conditions: Full sun, well-drained soil.
    • Attracts: Hummingbirds.

    Beardtongue (Penstemon)

    • Appearance: Tubular flowers in a wide range of colors, including pink, purple, red, and white.
    • Blooms: Summer.
    • Growing Conditions: Full sun to part shade, well-drained soil.
    • Attracts: Hummingbirds and butterflies.

    Spike Gayfeather (Liatris spicata)

    • Appearance: Tall spikes of fluffy purple or white flowers.
    • Blooms: Late summer to fall.
    • Growing Conditions: Full sun, well-drained soil.
    • Attracts: Butterflies and other pollinators.
    • Note: Vertical interest in the garden.

    Thyme (Thymus)

    • Appearance: Small, aromatic leaves with pink, purple, or white flowers. Low-growing, groundcover habit.
    • Blooms: Summer.
    • Growing Conditions: Full sun, well-drained soil. Drought tolerant.
    • Uses: Culinary herb, attracts pollinators.

    Yarrow (Achillea)

    • Appearance: Fern-like foliage with flat clusters of tiny flowers in various colors.
    • Blooms: Summer.
    • Growing Conditions: Full sun, well-drained soil. Drought tolerant.
    • Attracts: Beneficial insects.

    Adam's Needle (Yucca filamentosa)

    • Appearance: Sword-shaped, evergreen leaves with tall spikes of white, bell-shaped flowers.
    • Blooms: Summer.
    • Growing Conditions: Full sun, well-drained soil. Drought tolerant.
    • Note: Architectural interest in the garden.

    This information should give you a good overview of these wonderful perennials!

    Blackberry Lily (Iris domestica, formerly Belamcanda chinensis)

    • Appearance: Orange flowers with red spots, resembling a small lily. Sword-like leaves similar to irises. Produces seed pods that look like blackberries.
    • Growing Conditions: Full sun to part shade, well-drained soil. Drought tolerant once established.
    • Notable Features: Unique seed pods provide winter interest. Attracts pollinators.

    Black-eyed Susan (Rudbeckia hirta)

    • Appearance: Cheerful daisy-like flowers with golden-yellow petals and a dark brown central cone.
    • Growing Conditions: Full sun, adaptable to various soil types. Drought tolerant.
    • Notable Features: Attracts butterflies and birds. Easy to grow. Long blooming season.

    Catmint (Nepeta)

    • Appearance: Aromatic gray-green foliage with spikes of lavender-blue flowers.
    • Growing Conditions: Full sun, well-drained soil. Drought tolerant.
    • Notable Features: Attracts pollinators. Deer and rabbit resistant. Beloved by cats.

    Ornamental Onion (Allium)

    • Appearance: Globe-shaped clusters of purple, pink, or white flowers on tall stems.
    • Growing Conditions: Full sun, well-drained soil.
    • Notable Features: Attractive to pollinators. Deer and rodent resistant. Provides architectural interest.

    Germander (Teucrium)

    • Appearance: Small, aromatic leaves with pink, purple, or white flowers. Often used as a low hedge or ground cover.
    • Growing Conditions: Full sun, well-drained soil. Drought tolerant.
    • Notable Features: Deer and rabbit resistant. Tolerates poor soil.

    Globe Thistle (Echinops)

    • Appearance: Spherical, steel-blue flower heads on tall stems.
    • Growing Conditions: Full sun, well-drained soil. Drought tolerant.
    • Notable Features: Attracts pollinators. Provides architectural interest. Excellent for dried flower arrangements.

    Iris (Iris)

    • Appearance: Showy flowers with three upright "standards" and three drooping "falls." Comes in a wide variety of colors.
    • Growing Conditions: Varies by species, but generally prefers full sun to part shade and well-drained soil.
    • Notable Features: Elegant and diverse. Many different types, including bearded, Siberian, and Japanese irises.

    Maiden Grass (Miscanthus)

    • Appearance: Tall, graceful ornamental grass with feathery plumes.
    • Growing Conditions: Full sun, moist but well-drained soil.
    • Notable Features: Provides texture and movement in the garden. Beautiful fall color.

    Sage (Salvia)

    • Appearance: Aromatic foliage with spikes of flowers in shades of blue, purple, red, and white.
    • Growing Conditions: Full sun, well-drained soil. Drought tolerant.
    • Notable Features: Attracts pollinators. Deer and rabbit resistant. Many varieties have culinary or medicinal uses.

    Goat's Beard (Aruncus)

    • Appearance: Tall, graceful perennial with feathery plumes of white or cream flowers in early summer. Grows 3-6 feet tall.
    • Growing Conditions: Prefers moist, fertile soil and partial shade, especially in hot climates.
    • Maintenance: Relatively low-maintenance. Divide every few years to maintain vigor.

    Hollyhocks (Alcea)

    • Appearance: Stately, upright biennials or short-lived perennials with large, showy flowers in a variety of colors. Can reach 6-8 feet tall.
    • Growing Conditions: Full sun and well-drained soil.
    • Maintenance: Prone to rust disease. May need staking.

    Anise Hyssop (Agastache)

    • Appearance: Aromatic perennial with spikes of lavender, pink, or purple flowers. Attracts pollinators. Grows 2-4 feet tall.
    • Growing Conditions: Full sun to partial shade and well-drained soil. Drought tolerant.
    • Maintenance: Deadhead to encourage more blooms.

    Tickseed (Coreopsis)

    • Appearance: Cheerful, daisy-like flowers in shades of yellow, orange, or red. Long blooming season. Grows 1-3 feet tall.
    • Growing Conditions: Full sun and well-drained soil. Drought tolerant.
    • Maintenance: Deadhead to prolong blooming. Divide every few years.

    Verbena

    • Appearance: Versatile, low-growing annual or perennial with clusters of colorful flowers. Many varieties available.
    • Growing Conditions: Full sun and well-drained soil.
    • Maintenance: Deadhead to encourage more blooms.

    False Indigo (Baptisia)

    • Appearance: Bushy perennial with tall, spiky clusters of pea-like flowers in shades of blue, purple, yellow, or white. Gray-green foliage provides interest even when not in bloom.
    • Growing Conditions: Prefers full sun and well-drained soil. Drought tolerant once established.
    • Notable Features: Attracts pollinators, deer resistant, and long-lived. Develops interesting seed pods after flowering.

    Poppy (Papaver)

    • Appearance: Showy, cup-shaped flowers with delicate, often crinkled petals. Comes in a wide array of colors including red, orange, yellow, pink, white, and purple.
    • Growing Conditions: Full sun and well-drained soil. Some poppies are annuals while others are perennials.
    • Notable Features: Known for their vibrant colors and fleeting blooms. Some species have medicinal properties.

    Peony (Paeonia)

    • Appearance: Large, fragrant flowers with lush foliage. Available in various forms including single, double, and semi-double blooms. Colors range from white and pink to red and coral.
    • Growing Conditions: Full sun to partial shade and fertile, well-drained soil.
    • Notable Features: Long-lived perennials that can bloom for decades. Symbol of prosperity and good fortune in many cultures.

    Peruvian Lily (Alstroemeria)

    • Appearance: Exotic-looking flowers with speckled petals. Comes in a variety of colors including pink, red, orange, yellow, and white.
    • Growing Conditions: Full sun to partial shade and well-drained soil.
    • Notable Features: Excellent cut flowers with a long vase life. Can be grown in borders or containers.

    Bellflower (Campanula carpatica)

    • Appearance: Mounding perennial with upward-facing, bell-shaped flowers in blue, purple, or white.
    • Growing Conditions: Full sun to partial shade and well-drained soil.
    • Notable Features: Attracts pollinators, relatively low maintenance, and suitable for rock gardens or borders.

    Veronica (Veronica)

    • Appearance: Upright or spreading perennial with spikes of small, densely packed flowers in shades of blue, purple, pink, or white.
    • Growing Conditions: Full sun and well-drained soil.
    • Notable Features: Long blooming period, attracts pollinators, and drought tolerant.

    Anemone (Anemone)

    • Variety: Comes in many forms, from spring-blooming bulbs (like Grecian windflowers) to fall-blooming perennials (like Japanese anemones).
    • Flowers: Often delicate and daisy-like, with colors ranging from white and pink to vibrant blues and reds.
    • Growing Conditions: Prefers moist, well-drained soil. Sun or shade requirements vary by type.

    Astilbe (Astilbe)*

    • Flowers: Showy plumes in shades of pink, red, white, and purple. Bloom in early to mid-summer.
    • Foliage: Fern-like, adding texture to the garden.
    • Growing Conditions: Thrives in moist, shady locations.

    Bergenia (Bergenia)*

    • Foliage: Large, leathery leaves that are evergreen in mild climates. Some varieties have attractive red or bronze winter foliage.
    • Flowers: Pink or white, bell-shaped blooms appear in spring.
    • Growing Conditions: Tolerates a wide range of conditions, including dry shade.

    Columbine (Aquilegia)

    • Flowers: Unique, spurred flowers in a variety of colors, including blue, purple, yellow, and red.
    • Growing Conditions: Prefers partial shade and well-drained soil.

    Coral Bells (Heuchera)

    • Foliage: The main attraction! Comes in a stunning array of colors, from lime green and burgundy to silver and peach.
    • Flowers: Small, bell-shaped flowers on tall stems.
    • Growing Conditions: Prefers partial shade to full sun (depending on the variety) and well-drained soil.

    Cornflower (Centaurea)*

    • Flowers: Typically blue, but also come in white, pink, and purple.
    • Growing Conditions: Easy to grow in full sun and well-drained soil.

    Daylily (Hemerocallis)

    • Flowers: Large, trumpet-shaped flowers in a wide range of colors. Each bloom lasts only a day, but plants produce many buds.
    • Growing Conditions: Adaptable, but prefers full sun and well-drained soil.

    Globe Flower (Trollius)

    • Flowers: Round, buttercup-like flowers, usually yellow or orange.
    • Growing Conditions: Prefers moist soil and partial shade.

    Lady's Mantle (Alchemilla mollis)#

    • Foliage: Soft, velvety leaves that hold water droplets, creating a beautiful effect.
    • Flowers: Chartreuse-yellow clusters of tiny flowers.
    • Growing Conditions: Prefers partial shade and moist soil.

    Lily of the Valley (Convallaria majalis)#

    • Flowers: Delicate, fragrant, bell-shaped white flowers.
    • Growing Conditions: Thrives in shade and moist soil. Can be invasive.

    Lupines (Lupinus)

    • Flowers: Tall, striking spires of pea-like flowers in blue, purple, pink, yellow, and white.
    • Growing Conditions: Prefers full sun and well-drained soil.

    Mint (Mentha)#

    • Foliage: Aromatic leaves used for culinary and medicinal purposes.
    • Flowers: Small, white, pink, or purple flowers.
    • Growing Conditions: Easy to grow in sun or partial shade. Can be invasive.

    Mullein (Verbascum)

    • Flowers: Tall spikes of yellow flowers.
    • Foliage: Soft, fuzzy leaves.
    • Growing Conditions: Tolerates dry, poor soils and full sun.

    Bleeding Heart (Dicentra spectabilis)

    • Appearance: Heart-shaped, pink or white flowers that dangle from arching stems. Gray-green foliage.
    • Bloom Time: Spring
    • Growing Conditions: Partial shade to full shade, moist, well-drained soil.
    • Special Notes: Can be poisonous if ingested. Goes dormant in summer heat.

    Clematis

    • Appearance: This is a diverse genus! Flowers come in a huge variety of colors, shapes, and sizes. They can be small and bell-shaped or large and showy. Vining growth habit.
    • Bloom Time: Varies greatly depending on the variety.
    • Growing Conditions: Most prefer full sun with their roots in the shade. Well-drained soil.
    • Special Notes: Provide support for climbing. Prune according to the variety's blooming type.

    Forget-me-not (Myosotis sylvatica)

    • Appearance: Tiny, delicate blue flowers with yellow centers.
    • Bloom Time: Spring
    • Growing Conditions: Partial shade to full sun. Moist, well-drained soil.
    • Special Notes: Often self-seeds, naturalizes readily.

    Foxglove (Digitalis purpurea)

    • Appearance: Tall, stately spikes of tubular flowers in shades of purple, pink, white, and yellow.
    • Bloom Time: Early summer
    • Growing Conditions: Partial shade to full sun. Well-drained soil.
    • Special Notes: All parts of the plant are highly toxic if ingested. Attracts pollinators like bees and hummingbirds. Biennial (takes two years to bloom).

    Monkshood (Aconitum)

    • Appearance: Tall, hooded flowers in shades of blue, purple, white, or yellow. Upright growth habit.
    • Bloom Time: Late summer to fall
    • Growing Conditions: Partial shade to full shade. Moist, well-drained soil.
    • Special Notes: All parts of the plant are extremely poisonous if ingested. Wear gloves when handling.

    Primrose (Primula)

    • Appearance: Flowers come in a wide array of colors and often have a contrasting "eye" in the center. Low-growing, rosette-forming plants.
    • Bloom Time: Spring
    • Growing Conditions: Partial shade. Moist, well-drained soil.
    • Special Notes: Many varieties are suitable for rock gardens or woodland settings.

    Athyrium (Lady Fern)

    • Appearance: Delicate, deciduous ferns with green, often finely divided fronds.
    • Growing Conditions: Prefers moist, well-drained soil and shade to part-shade.
    • Maintenance: Low maintenance, may require division every few years.
    • Use: Adds texture and a woodland feel to gardens.

    Barrenwort (Epimedium)

    • Appearance: Heart-shaped leaves, often with attractive bronze or red tints. Delicate flowers in spring in a variety of colors (white, yellow, pink, red).
    • Growing Conditions: Tolerates dry shade and competition from tree roots.
    • Maintenance: Low maintenance, prune back old foliage in late winter.
    • Use: Ground cover, edging, or in woodland gardens.

    Dead Nettle (Lamium maculatum)

    • Appearance: Silver-marked leaves with pink, purple, or white flowers. Spreading habit.
    • Growing Conditions: Thrives in moist, shady areas.
    • Maintenance: Can be invasive, may need to be controlled.
    • Use: Ground cover, edging, or in containers.

    Foamflower (Tiarella)

    • Appearance: Maple-like leaves, often with attractive markings. Produces spikes of white or pink flowers in spring.
    • Growing Conditions: Prefers moist, well-drained soil and part to full shade.
    • Maintenance: Low maintenance, may self-seed.
    • Use: Ground cover, edging, or in rock gardens.

    Ginger (Asarum)

    • Appearance: Low-growing with attractive, often heart-shaped or kidney-shaped leaves. Flowers are hidden at the base of the plant.
    • Growing Conditions: Prefers moist, well-drained soil and shade.
    • Maintenance: Low maintenance.
    • Use: Ground cover, edging, or in woodland gardens.

    Japanese Spurge (Pachysandra terminalis)

    • Appearance: Evergreen with dark green, leathery leaves. Produces white flowers in spring.
    • Growing Conditions: Tolerates deep shade and dry soil.
    • Maintenance: Low maintenance, can be slow to establish.
    • Use: Ground cover, edging, or for erosion control.

    Lungwort (Pulmonaria)

    • Appearance: Early spring flowers in shades of blue, pink, or white. Leaves often have silver spots.
    • Growing Conditions: Prefers moist, well-drained soil and part shade.
    • Maintenance: Low maintenance, divide clumps every few years.
    • Use: Ground cover, edging, or in woodland gardens.

    Solomon's Seal (Polygonatum biflorum)

    • Appearance: Arching stems with paired leaves and dangling, bell-shaped white flowers. Produces black berries in fall.
    • Growing Conditions: Prefers moist, well-drained soil and part to full shade.
    • Maintenance: Low maintenance.
    • Use: Woodland gardens, shade borders, or naturalized areas.

    Sweet Woodruff (Galium odoratum)

    • Appearance: Whorls of fragrant leaves and small white flowers. Spreading habit.
    • Growing Conditions: Thrives in moist, shady areas.
    • Maintenance: Can be invasive, may need to be controlled.
    • Use: Ground cover, edging, or in containers.

    Bugleweed (Ajuga), Goldenrod (Solidago), and Lilyturf (Liriope) are popular landscape plants with distinct characteristics:

    Bugleweed (Ajuga)

    • Growth Habit: Low-growing, spreading groundcover.
    • Foliage: Often bronze or purple, with some varieties having variegated leaves.
    • Flowers: Blue, purple, pink, or white, borne on short spikes in spring.
    • Culture: Thrives in sun or shade and tolerates a wide range of soil conditions.
    • Uses: Excellent for groundcover, edging, rock gardens, and erosion control.
    • Maintenance: Can be invasive, requiring some control to prevent it from spreading into unwanted areas.

    Goldenrod (Solidago)

    • Growth Habit: Upright, clump-forming perennial.
    • Foliage: Lance-shaped, green leaves.
    • Flowers: Clusters of small, bright yellow flowers in late summer and fall.
    • Culture: Prefers full sun and well-drained soil.
    • Uses: Attractive in borders, wildflower meadows, and naturalized areas. Valuable for pollinators.
    • Maintenance: Generally low-maintenance, but taller varieties may need staking.

    Lilyturf (Liriope)

    • Growth Habit: Grass-like, clump-forming perennial.
    • Foliage: Dark green, strap-like leaves. Some varieties have variegated foliage.
    • Flowers: Spikes of small, purple or white flowers in late summer.
    • Culture: Adaptable to sun or shade and various soil types.
    • Uses: Versatile groundcover, edging, border plant, and container plant.
    • Maintenance: Low-maintenance, drought-tolerant, and relatively pest-free.

    Key Differences:

    • Height: Bugleweed is the shortest, Goldenrod the tallest, and Lilyturf is intermediate in height.
    • Flowers: Bugleweed has the showiest flowers, while Goldenrod is known for its bright yellow blooms. Lilyturf has less conspicuous flowers.
    • Uses: Bugleweed is primarily a groundcover, Goldenrod is valued for its ecological benefits, and Lilyturf is versatile for various landscape applications.
    • Maintenance: Bugleweed can be invasive, Goldenrod may need staking, and Lilyturf is generally low-maintenance.

    These plants offer diverse options for landscaping, each with unique characteristics to suit different needs and preferences.

    Rabbit Resistant FAQ

    Not all perennial plants are rabbit-resistant, but some are more resistant than others. Here is the thing:

    Few perennials are truly "rabbit-proof." Like people, rabbits have different preferences, and desperation can make them eat almost anything.

    Certain characteristics make plants less appealing to rabbits:

    • Tough, fuzzy, or hairy leaves: These are uncomfortable to eat. Examples include lamb's ear, lavender, and catmint.
    • Strong scents: Rabbits dislike the smell of onions, garlic, and herbs like rosemary and sage.
    • Spiky or prickly foliage: Plants like hollyhock and yucca deter nibbling with their sharp points.
    • Toxic components: Some plants are poisonous to rabbits, like foxglove and monkshood. However, be cautious using these as they can harm other animals too.

    Remember: Even with resistant plants, it is good practice to combine strategies. Consider fencing, repellents, or planting a mix of resistant and non-resistant plants to distract rabbits.

    Determining the absolute "top" rabbit-resistant perennial is tricky, as preferences and desperation can lead rabbits to nibble even unappetizing plants. However, some strong contenders consistently rank highly due to their taste, texture, or scent:

    Deterrence by Taste/Texture:

    Deterrence by Scent:

    • Ornamental Alliums: Strong oniony smell repels rabbits.
    • Foxglove (Digitalis): Toxic to rabbits but use with caution due to risk to other animals and children.
    • Peonies: Large, showy flowers and unappealing scent.
    • Sage (Salvia): Strong, aromatic oils rabbits find unpleasant.
    • Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis): Pungent aroma and spiky leaves.

    Bonus: Consider incorporating companion planting by strategically mixing in highly resistant plants with others you cherish. This might confuse rabbits or distract them from their favorites.

    Remember:

    No perennial is 100% rabbit-proof, especially when hungry.

    Combine resistant plants with other strategies like fencing or repellents for additional protection.

    Consider your local climate and growing conditions when choosing perennials.

    By taking these factors into account, you can create a beautiful and rabbit-resistant garden that thrives!

    The eternal struggle against those fluffy little garden invaders! Creating a rabbit-resistant garden involves a multi-pronged approach. Here is how to make your garden less appealing to bunnies:

    Fencing:

    • The Right Material: Chicken wire or hardware cloth with 1-inch mesh is a good choice. Make sure it is at least 2-3 feet high, as rabbits can jump surprisingly well.
    • Bury It Deep: Rabbits are expert diggers, so bury the fence at least 12 inches deep. You can also bend the bottom of the fence outward in an L-shape to further discourage digging.
    • Secure the Perimeter: Check for any gaps or openings where rabbits could squeeze through.

    Plant Selection:

    While no plant is completely rabbit-proof, some are definitely less appealing to them. Here are some options:  

    • Vegetables: Asparagus, leeks, onions, potatoes, rhubarb, squash, tomatoes  
    • Flowers: Cleomes, geraniums, marigolds (some rabbits avoid them, others do not), vincas, wax begonias, lavender, yarrow
    • Herbs: Basil, mint, oregano, parsley, rosemary, sage, tarragon

    Repellents:

    • Commercial Repellents: Look for products containing putrescent egg solids, garlic, predator urine, or Bitrex. Reapply frequently, especially after rain.
    • DIY Repellents: Sprinkle hot pepper flakes, garlic powder, or spray a diluted hot sauce solution around vulnerable plants. You can also try soaking rags in vinegar and placing them around the garden.

    Other Deterrents:

    Motion-Activated Sprinklers: These can give rabbits a startling surprise and discourage them from returning.

    • Remove Hiding Spots: Keep your garden tidy and free of debris, brush piles, and tall grasses where rabbits could hide.
    • Predator Scents: Spread some dog or cat fur (from your own pets or obtained from a groomer) around the garden. This can make rabbits think a predator is nearby.

    Protect Vulnerable Plants:

    • Individual Plant Protection: Use chicken wire cages or cloches to protect young seedlings or particularly tempting plants.
    • Floating Row Covers: These lightweight fabrics allow sunlight and water to reach plants while keeping pests out.

    Important Notes:

    • Variety is Key: Rabbits have individual preferences, so using a combination of deterrents is more effective.
    • Persistence: Rabbits can be persistent, so be prepared to reapply repellents and reinforce your defenses as needed.
    • Monitor Your Garden: Regularly inspect your garden for signs of rabbit damage and adjust your strategies accordingly.
    • By using a combination of these methods, you can significantly reduce rabbit damage and enjoy a thriving garden. Happy gardening!

    It can be frustrating to find your garden nibbled and damaged. While several critters could be the culprits, here are some telltale signs that rabbits are the ones feasting on your plants:

    • Clean-cut damage: Rabbits have sharp incisors that leave clean, angled cuts on plants, almost like they were snipped with scissors. This is different from the ragged tears you might see with deer or other animals.
    • Plant preferences: Rabbits tend to favor young, tender plants and seedlings. They are particularly fond of vegetables like lettuce, beans, and peas, and flowers like tulips, hostas, and pansies. If these are being targeted, rabbits are a likely suspect.
    • Height of damage: Rabbits cannot reach very high, so damage will typically be concentrated on lower leaves and stems, usually no more than a foot or two from the ground.
    • Droppings: Rabbit droppings are small, round, pea-sized pellets, often found scattered near feeding areas.
    • Tracks: Rabbits leave distinctive footprints. Their front paws have four toes, while their hind feet have five. You might see these tracks in soft soil or snow.
    • Direct sightings: Early morning or evening is the best time to spot rabbits in your garden, as they are most active at dawn and dusk.
    • "Girdling" damage: In winter, when other food sources are scarce, rabbits may gnaw on the bark of trees and shrubs. This can girdle the plant, damaging or even killing it by cutting off the flow of nutrients.

    If you notice a combination of these signs, it is highly probable that rabbits are the culprits in your garden. However, it is always a good idea to consider other possibilities and rule out other pests before taking action.

    Yes, it is possible to trap and relocate rabbits humanely, but it is important to do it responsibly and ethically. Here is a breakdown of the process and key considerations:

    1. Choose the right trap:

    • Use a live trap specifically designed for rabbits. These traps capture the animal alive without causing injury. They typically have a trigger mechanism that closes the door when the rabbit enters to take the bait.
    • Make sure the trap is the appropriate size for a rabbit. It should be large enough for the rabbit to move around comfortably but not so large that it feels insecure.

    2. Bait and set the trap:

    • Use fresh, appealing bait like carrots, apples, or leafy greens. Place the bait towards the back of the trap to encourage the rabbit to fully enter.
    • Set the trap in an area where you have seen rabbit activity, such as near their feeding areas or along well-worn paths.
    • Camouflage the trap with some natural vegetation to make it less conspicuous.

    3. Check the trap frequently:

    • Check the trap at least twice a day, morning, and evening, to avoid stressing the trapped rabbit.
    • Never leave a trapped rabbit in direct sunlight or extreme temperatures.

    4. Relocate the rabbit responsibly:

    • Check local laws and regulations: Some areas have restrictions on trapping and relocating wildlife. Make sure you are complying with all local ordinances.
    • Relocate far enough away: Move the rabbit at least 5 miles away from your property to prevent it from returning.
    • Choose a suitable release site: Select a location with adequate food, water, and shelter, and where the rabbit is unlikely to cause problems for others. Ideally, this would be a rural area with existing rabbit populations.

    5. Handle with care:

    • Wear gloves when handling the trap to protect yourself from potential bites or diseases.  
    • Cover the trap with a cloth or towel to help calm the rabbit during transport.
    • Release the rabbit gently and allow it to leave the trap on its own.

    Important Considerations:

    • Success is not guaranteed: Trapping and relocating can be time-consuming and may not always be successful. Rabbits are smart and may learn to avoid traps.
    • Survival rates: Relocated rabbits often face challenges in a new environment and may have lower survival rates due to competition, predation, and unfamiliarity with the territory.
    • Ethical concerns: Some wildlife experts argue that trapping and relocating can be stressful and potentially harmful to rabbits. It is important to weigh the pros and cons carefully.

    Alternatives to trapping and relocating:

    • Exclusion: Focus on preventing rabbits from accessing your garden in the first place by using fencing, repellents, and other deterrents.
    • Habitat modification: Make your garden less attractive to rabbits by removing hiding places and food sources.

    If you are unsure about trapping and relocating, consult with your local animal control or wildlife agency for advice and guidance. They can provide information on local regulations and best practices for humane rabbit control.

    Rabbits can be a real nuisance in the garden, but luckily there are plenty of plants that they tend to avoid. Here are some rabbit-resistant plants that also tolerate dry soil and sun:

    Flowers:

    • Lavender (Lavandula): Aromatic and beautiful, with purple blooms that attract pollinators.
    • Yarrow (Achillea): Feathery foliage and clusters of colorful flowers.
    • Catmint (Nepeta): A long-blooming favorite of bees and butterflies, but not rabbits!
    • Russian Sage (Perovskia): Tall and airy with silvery foliage and lavender-blue flowers.
    • Black-eyed Susan (Rudbeckia): Cheerful yellow daisies with dark centers.
    • Purple Coneflower (Echinacea): Another pollinator favorite with showy purple blooms.
    • Poppy (Papaver): While some rabbits may nibble on poppy foliage, they generally avoid them.

    Salvia: Many varieties of salvia are rabbit-resistant and thrive in dry, sunny conditions.

    Groundcovers:

    • Sedum (Stonecrop): Succulent foliage and colorful flower clusters.
    • Creeping Thyme (Thymus serpyllum): Aromatic and low-growing with purple flowers.

    Shrubs:

    • Butterfly Bush (Buddleia): Attracts butterflies with its long spikes of fragrant flowers.
    • Potentilla: Shrubby cinquefoil with colorful flowers.

    Tips for Rabbit-Resistant Gardening:

    • Healthy Plants: Well-maintained and healthy plants are less likely to be targeted by rabbits.
    • Fencing: Consider using fencing to protect vulnerable plants.
    • Repellents: There are various rabbit repellents available, but their effectiveness can vary.
    • Distraction: Plant a "sacrificial" area with plants that rabbits love to keep them away from your main garden.

    Remember: No plant is completely rabbit-proof. If rabbits are hungry enough, they may try anything! It is always a good idea to have some backup options in case your first choices do not deter them.

    Rabbits can be a real nuisance in the garden! They seem to have an appetite for everything, but there are definitely some plants they tend to avoid. Here are some rabbit-resistant options that thrive in average to dry soil and sunny conditions:

    Flowers:

    • Blanket Flower (Gaillardia spp.): These cheerful, daisy-like flowers come in a variety of warm colors and bloom for a long time. They are drought-tolerant and attract pollinators.
    • Yarrow (Achillea millefolium): Yarrow is a tough plant with feathery foliage and clusters of small flowers in white, yellow, or pink. It is very drought-tolerant and attracts beneficial insects.
    • Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia): Not only is lavender rabbit-resistant, but its fragrant flowers and foliage will also deter other pests. It thrives in sunny, dry conditions.
    • Catmint (Nepeta spp.): This member of the mint family has aromatic foliage and purple flowers that rabbits dislike. It is low-maintenance and drought-tolerant.
    • Penstemon (Penstemon spp.): These beautiful, long-blooming flowers come in a wide range of colors and attract hummingbirds. Many varieties are drought-tolerant.
    • Black-Eyed Susan (Rudbeckia spp.): These cheerful yellow flowers with dark centers are a classic choice for sunny, dry gardens.
    • Purple Coneflower (Echinacea purpurea): This popular native plant is known for its purple, daisy-like flowers, and its ability to attract butterflies and bees.

    Ornamental Grasses:

    • Purple Fountain Grass (Pennisetum setaceum 'Rubrum'): This dramatic grass adds height and texture to the garden with its deep purple foliage and fluffy flower plumes.
    • Blue Fescue (Festuca glauca): This compact, blue-gray grass is perfect for edging or rock gardens.

    Shrubs:

    • Butterfly Bush (Buddleja davidii): This shrub attracts butterflies with its long, fragrant flower spikes. It is drought-tolerant and comes in a variety of colors. (Note: This plant can be invasive in some areas, so check with your local extension office before planting.)  
    • Russian Sage (Perovskia atriplicifolia): This airy shrub has silvery foliage and lavender-blue flowers that bloom for weeks. It is very drought-tolerant and deer-resistant too.

    Tips for Rabbit-Resistant Gardening:

    • Healthy Plants: Healthy, vigorous plants are less likely to be damaged by rabbits. Make sure your plants are getting the right amount of water and nutrients.
    • Fencing: A fence is the most effective way to keep rabbits out of your garden. Use chicken wire with small openings and bury it at least 6 inches deep to prevent rabbits from digging under it.
    • Repellents: There are a number of commercial rabbit repellents available. You can also try homemade repellents, such as a mixture of garlic, hot peppers, and water.
    • Distraction: Plant a "sacrificial" area with plants that rabbits love, such as clover or lettuce, to keep them away from your more valuable plants.

    Remember that no plant is completely rabbit-proof, especially if rabbits are hungry enough. But by choosing rabbit-resistant plants and taking other preventative measures, you can significantly reduce the damage they cause to your garden.

    Many rabbit-resistant plants thrive in average soil with plenty of sunshine. Here is a mix of flowers, shrubs, and grasses to consider for your garden:  

    Flowers:

    • Coneflowers (Echinacea purpurea): These hardy natives attract pollinators with their purple, daisy-like blooms and are quite drought-tolerant once established.
    • Black-eyed Susans (Rudbeckia spp.): Cheerful yellow flowers with dark centers, these are a classic choice for a sunny, low-maintenance garden.
    • Yarrow (Achillea millefolium): With feathery foliage and clusters of small flowers in white, yellow, or pink, yarrow is tough, drought-tolerant, and attracts beneficial insects.
    • Catmint (Nepeta spp.): A member of the mint family with aromatic foliage and purple flowers that rabbits tend to avoid.
    • Salvia (Salvia spp.): Many varieties of salvia offer long-lasting blooms in a range of colors and are unappealing to rabbits.
    • Poppy (Papaver spp.): While some annual poppies are tasty to rabbits, the Oriental poppy (Papaver orientale) with its large, showy blooms is usually left alone.

    Shrubs:

    • Potentilla (Potentilla fruticosa): This shrub offers cheerful yellow, orange, or red flowers all summer long and is generally rabbit-resistant.
    • Spirea (Spiraea spp.): Many varieties of spirea, like 'Anthony Waterer' with its pink flowers, are low-maintenance and unattractive to rabbits.
    • Forsythia (Forsythia x intermedia): One of the first shrubs to bloom in spring with bright yellow flowers, rabbits generally avoid forsythia.

    Ornamental Grasses:

    • Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum): This tall, native grass adds vertical interest and movement to the garden and is rarely bothered by rabbits.
    • Little Bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium): A beautiful native grass with blue-green foliage that turns reddish-bronze in the fall.

    Tips for Success:

    • Plant in groups: Planting in groups rather than single specimens can help deter rabbits.
    • Provide other food sources: Consider planting a "sacrifice area" with plants rabbits love, like clover, to distract them from your main garden.
    • Use repellents: Commercial rabbit repellents or homemade solutions with garlic and hot peppers can help.
    • Protect young plants: Young plants are especially vulnerable, so consider using chicken wire or other barriers until they are established.

    Remember that "rabbit-resistant" does not mean "rabbit-proof." If rabbits are hungry enough, they might nibble on anything. But by choosing plants they generally dislike and using a combination of deterrents, you can create a beautiful garden that is less likely to become a rabbit buffet.

    A bit of shade opens up some lovely options that rabbits tend to avoid. Here are some rabbit-resistant plants that can handle average soil and prefer sun to part shade:

    Flowers:

    • Columbine (Aquilegia spp.): These charming, bell-shaped flowers come in a variety of colors and attract hummingbirds. They tolerate some shade and have a delicate texture that rabbits usually avoid.
    • Bleeding Heart (Dicentra spectabilis): This old-fashioned favorite has heart-shaped flowers that dangle from arching stems. It prefers part shade and well-drained soil.
    • Foxglove (Digitalis purpurea): This stately plant produces tall spires of tubular flowers in shades of purple, pink, and white. It does well in partial shade and attracts pollinators. (Note: All parts of this plant are toxic, so be cautious if you have children or pets.)  
    • Astilbe (Astilbe spp.): Astilbe thrives in shady spots and produces feathery plumes of flowers in shades of pink, red, and white. It prefers moist soil but can tolerate average conditions.
    • Coral Bells (Heuchera spp.): These plants are grown primarily for their colorful foliage, which comes in a wide range of hues. They tolerate some shade and are relatively low-maintenance.
    • Jacob's Ladder (Polemonium caeruleum): This plant has ladder-like foliage and clusters of blue, bell-shaped flowers. It prefers partial shade and well-drained soil.
    • Lungwort (Pulmonaria spp.): This early bloomer has spotted leaves and clusters of pink, blue, or white flowers. It prefers shade and moist soil.

    Ferns:

    • Japanese Painted Fern (Athyrium niponicum 'Pictum'): This fern has beautiful silvery-gray fronds with hints of purple and red. It thrives in shade and adds a touch of elegance to the garden.
    • Autumn Fern (Dryopteris erythrosora): This fern has coppery-red new growth that matures to a deep green. It is a great choice for adding texture and color to shady areas.

    Shrubs:

    • Summersweet (Clethra alnifolia): This deciduous shrub produces fragrant white or pink flowers in mid to late summer. It prefers moist soil but can tolerate average conditions and some shade.
    • Spicebush (Lindera benzoin): This native shrub has fragrant leaves and yellow flowers in early spring. It is a host plant for the spicebush swallowtail butterfly and tolerates shade and dry conditions.

    Remember the tips from the previous response:

    • Healthy plants: Strong plants are better equipped to withstand nibbling.
    • Fencing: Consider fencing if rabbits are a persistent problem.
    • Repellents: Commercial or homemade repellents can help deter rabbits.
    • Distraction: Offer a "buffet" of appealing plants to divert rabbits from your main garden.

    By combining these rabbit-resistant plants with smart gardening practices, you can create a beautiful and thriving garden that is less appealing to those annoying bunnies!

    A garden with moist soil and some shade opens up some charming possibilities for rabbit-resistant plants. Here are a few ideas:

    Perennials:

    • Astilbe (Astilbe spp.): These shade-loving beauties boast feathery plumes in shades of pink, red, white, and purple. They prefer consistently moist soil.
    • Bleeding Heart (Lamprocapnos spectabilis): With their unique heart-shaped flowers dangling from arching stems, Bleeding Hearts add a touch of whimsy to the shade garden.
    • Columbine (Aquilegia spp.): These charming flowers come in a wide range of colors and attract hummingbirds. They tolerate some shade and prefer moist soil.
    • Coral Bells (Heuchera spp.): Prized for their colorful foliage, Coral Bells come in an amazing array of shades, from lime green to deep purple. Many varieties also have attractive flowers.
    • Daylily (Hemerocallis spp.): While rabbits might nibble on the occasional daylily, they generally avoid them. These tough plants offer a wide variety of flower colors and bloom times.
    • Hosta (Hosta spp.): Hostas are a classic choice for shade gardens, known for their lush foliage. While slugs and snails love them, rabbits usually do not.
    • Jacob's Ladder (Polemonium caeruleum): This plant gets its name from its ladder-like foliage. It produces clusters of blue, bell-shaped flowers in the spring.
    • Lungwort (Pulmonaria spp.): Lungwort is an early bloomer with spotted foliage and flowers that change color from pink to blue.

    Ferns:

    • Japanese Painted Fern (Athyrium niponicum 'Pictum'): This fern is known for its beautiful silvery fronds with hints of purple and red.
    • Autumn Fern (Dryopteris erythrosora): This fern offers coppery-red new growth that matures to green.

    Shrubs:

    • Azalea (Rhododendron spp.): Many azaleas tolerate partial shade and moist soil. They produce a profusion of colorful blooms in the spring.
    • Viburnum (Viburnum spp.): There are many different types of viburnums, and some are more shade-tolerant than others. They offer attractive flowers, berries, and fall foliage.

    Tips for Moist, Shady Gardens:

    • Soil Improvement: Amend heavy clay soil with compost to improve drainage.
    • Mulch: A layer of mulch will help retain moisture in the soil and suppress weeds.
    • Water Wisely: Water deeply but infrequently to encourage deep root growth.
    • Observe: Pay attention to how much sun your garden actually gets. "Part shade" can mean different things in different gardens.

    Remember to consider the specific conditions in your garden when choosing plants. Happy gardening!

    Rabbits can be a challenge in moist, shady gardens, but these plants generally hold their own:

    Perennials:

    • Astilbe (Astilbe spp.): These shade-loving plants have fern-like foliage and feathery plumes of flowers in shades of pink, red, white, and purple. They prefer moist soil and can tolerate some sun.
    • Bleeding Heart (Dicentra spectabilis): With their heart-shaped flowers dangling from arching stems, Bleeding Hearts are a charming addition to any shade garden. They prefer moist, well-drained soil.
    • Columbine (Aquilegia spp.): These delicate-looking flowers come in a variety of colors and attract hummingbirds. They tolerate a range of conditions, including moist soil and part shade.
    • Coral Bells (Heuchera spp.): Grown primarily for their colorful foliage, Coral Bells come in an amazing array of colors and patterns. They prefer moist, well-drained soil and part shade.
    • Hosta (Hosta spp.): Hostas are a classic choice for shade gardens, known for their large, attractive leaves. While rabbits may nibble on them occasionally, they generally prefer other plants.
    • Jacob's Ladder (Polemonium caeruleum): This plant gets its name from its ladder-like foliage. It produces clusters of bell-shaped blue, purple, or white flowers and prefers moist soil.
    • Lungwort (Pulmonaria spp.): Lungwort is an early bloomer with spotted leaves and clusters of pink, blue, or white flowers. It thrives in moist, shady conditions.

    Ferns:

    • Japanese Painted Fern (Athyrium niponicum 'Pictum'): This fern adds a touch of elegance to shade gardens with its silvery-gray fronds and burgundy accents.
    • Autumn Fern (Dryopteris erythrosora): This fern is known for its coppery-red new growth that matures to a glossy green. It tolerates a wide range of conditions, including moist soil and part shade.

    Shrubs:

    • Azalea (Rhododendron spp.): These flowering shrubs come in a wide variety of colors and bloom in spring. They prefer acidic soil and part shade.
    • Hydrangea (Hydrangea spp.): Hydrangeas are known for their large, showy flower clusters. Many varieties thrive in moist soil and part shade.

    Tips for Moist, Shady Gardens:

    • Improve Drainage: If your soil is heavy clay, amend it with compost or other organic matter to improve drainage.
    • Mulch: Mulching helps to keep the soil moist and cool. Use shredded bark, leaves, or other organic materials.
    • Water Regularly: Plants in moist soil still need regular watering, especially during hot, dry periods.
    • Monitor for Pests: Even though these plants are generally rabbit-resistant, it is still a good idea to monitor your garden for signs of pests and take action if necessary.

    By choosing the right plants and providing them with the conditions they need, you can create a beautiful and rabbit-resistant garden even in moist, shady areas.

    A shady and moist garden is a lovely environment to create, and luckily there are many rabbit-resistant plants that will thrive in these conditions. Here are some ideas:

    Perennials:

    • Astilbe (Astilbe spp.): These shade-loving beauties boast feathery plumes in shades of pink, red, white, and purple. They prefer consistently moist soil.
    • Bleeding Heart (Dicentra spectabilis): With their unique heart-shaped flowers dangling from arching stems, Bleeding Hearts add a touch of whimsy to any shade garden.
    • Columbine (Aquilegia spp.): These charming flowers come in a variety of colors and attract hummingbirds. They tolerate some dryness but prefer moist soil.
    • Foamflower (Tiarella cordifolia): This low-growing groundcover has delicate, foamy flower spikes and attractive foliage. It is perfect for adding texture to shady areas.
    • Hosta (Hosta spp.): While rabbits may nibble on young hostas, mature plants are generally left alone. They come in a wide array of colors and sizes, making them a staple for shade gardens.
    • Jacob's Ladder (Polemonium caeruleum): This plant has ladder-like foliage and clusters of blue, bell-shaped flowers. It prefers moist, well-drained soil.
    • Lungwort (Pulmonaria spp.): This early bloomer has spotted leaves and delicate pink, blue, or white flowers. It is a great choice for adding color to the spring garden.

    Ferns:

    • Japanese Painted Fern (Athyrium niponicum 'Pictum'): This fern has stunning silvery-gray fronds with hints of purple and red. It adds a touch of elegance to any shade garden.
    • Autumn Fern (Dryopteris erythrosora): This fern features coppery-red new growth that matures to a glossy green. It is a great choice for adding fall color to the garden.
    • Lady Fern (Athyrium filix-femina): This delicate fern has lacy fronds and adds a graceful touch to shady areas.

    Shrubs:

    • Azalea (Rhododendron spp.): These flowering shrubs come in a wide variety of colors and bloom profusely in the spring. They prefer acidic soil and partial shade.
    • Mountain Laurel (Kalmia latifolia): This evergreen shrub has beautiful clusters of pink or white flowers in the spring. It is a great choice for a woodland garden.

    Tips for a Rabbit-Resistant Shade Garden:

    • Layer your plants: Create a dense planting scheme with a variety of heights and textures. This will make it less inviting for rabbits to hop around and nibble.
    • Mulch generously: A thick layer of mulch will help to keep the soil moist and deter rabbits from digging.
    • Use physical barriers: Consider using chicken wire or other fencing to protect vulnerable plants.
    • Provide alternative food sources: Plant a "sacrificial" area with plants that rabbits love, such as clover or lettuce, away from your main garden.

    Even with these precautions, keep in mind that a truly "rabbit-proof" garden is a myth. But with a little planning and the right plant choices, you can create a beautiful and thriving shade garden that will be less appealing to these furry pests.

    Imagine stepping into your garden on a beautiful spring morning, only to find your prized tulips decimated and your lettuce patch looking like a rabbit buffet. It is a frustrating experience that many gardeners know all too well. Rabbits, with their insatiable appetites and knack for destruction, can be a real menace in the garden. But do not despair! By understanding what makes a plant rabbit-resistant and implementing a few protective strategies, you can outsmart these furry foes and create a thriving garden that both you and the bunnies can enjoy (from a distance, of course!).

    What Makes a Plant Rabbit Resistant?

    While no plant is entirely "rabbit-proof," some are less appealing to these furry herbivores. Rabbits have distinct preferences when it comes to their diet, and understanding these preferences is key to creating a rabbit-resistant garden. Here are some characteristics that often deter rabbits:

    • Strong Scents: Rabbits have a highly developed sense of smell, which they use to locate food and avoid danger. Plants with strong aromas, such as lavender, sage, catmint, and members of the mint family, often confuse or repel rabbits. Interestingly, rabbits also dislike the smell of predators and death, which is why some gardeners use human or animal hair, fox urine, or even blood meal as repellents.
    • Fuzzy or Prickly Leaves: Just like us, rabbits prefer their salads without too many prickly bits! Fuzzy or prickly leaves, like those found on lamb's ears and yucca, are generally less palatable to rabbits.
    • Thorns or Spines: While thorns and spines might seem like an obvious deterrent, rabbits can be surprisingly adept at navigating around them. Therefore, relying solely on thorny plants like roses and barberry for rabbit resistance may not be the most effective strategy. (Note: I could not find a citation for barberry in the research material, but I included it because it is a common thorny plant.)
    • Bitter Taste: Some plants have a naturally bitter taste that rabbits find unappetizing. Penstemon and certain varieties of salvia are good examples.
    • Toxic Compounds: Some plants contain chemicals that are toxic to mammals, including rabbits. While we do not want to harm these creatures, incorporating a few toxic plants like daffodils, foxglove, white snakeroot, milkweeds, and Virginia bluebells can discourage rabbits from making your garden their dining destination.

    It is important to remember that rabbit preferences can vary by region and season. What a rabbit finds delectable in one area might be completely ignored in another. Additionally, young rabbits are less discerning eaters and may nibble on plants that their parents would avoid. Finally, rabbits can become accustomed to the smell of certain plants over time, so it is essential to diversify your plantings and switch things up to keep them guessing.

    Rabbit-Resistant Perennials for All USDA Hardiness Zones

    USDA Hardiness Zones are a standardized way of classifying geographical areas based on their average annual minimum winter temperature. This system helps gardeners determine which plants are most likely to thrive in their specific climate. If you are looking for rabbit-resistant perennials that can withstand a variety of climates, here are some excellent options:

    • Allium (Ornamental Onion): These eye-catching plants produce globe-shaped flower clusters in a rainbow of colors. Their strong oniony scent is a major turn-off for rabbits.
    • Astilbe: Thriving in both sun and shade, astilbe adds a touch of elegance with its feathery plumes of flowers. The 'Peach Blossom' variety, with its peach-colored blooms, is particularly lovely.
    • Aster: Asters are a diverse group of plants that offer a wide range of colors and bloom times. They are generally low-maintenance and attract pollinators, making them a valuable addition to any garden.
    • Baptisia (False Indigo): This North American native boasts striking blue-purple flowers and is a favorite of pollinators. It is also drought-tolerant, making it a good choice for water-wise gardens.
    • Bee Balm (Monarda): As the name suggests, bee balm is a magnet for bees, butterflies, and hummingbirds. Its fragrant foliage and showy flowers in shades of red, pink, and purple make it a delightful addition to any garden. Rabbits, however, tend to steer clear.
    • Black-eyed Susan (Rudbeckia): These cheerful flowers are a staple in many gardens, and for good reason. They are tough, drought-tolerant, and generally rabbit-resistant, likely due to their bitter taste.
    • Blanket Flower (Gaillardia): With their long-lasting blooms in fiery shades of red, orange, and yellow, blanket flowers bring a touch of the Southwest to any garden. They are also drought-tolerant and relatively low-maintenance.
    • Bleeding Heart (Dicentra): These charming plants are known for their unique heart-shaped flowers that dangle delicately from arching stems. They prefer partial shade and well-drained soil.
    • Butterfly Weed (Asclepias): This vibrant plant is a must-have for butterfly gardens. It is a host plant for monarch butterflies and produces clusters of bright orange flowers that attract a variety of pollinators.
    • Catmint (Nepeta): Catmint is a versatile plant with aromatic foliage that deters rabbits and long-blooming flowers that attract pollinators. It is also a favorite of cats, who often enjoy rolling around in its fragrant leaves.
    • Columbine (Aquilegia): These delicate-looking flowers are surprisingly tough and rabbit-resistant. They come in a wide array of colors, adding a touch of whimsy to any garden.
    • Coneflower (Echinacea): Coneflowers are a popular choice for their daisy-like flowers with spiky cones. They come in a variety of colors and are known for their hardiness and ability to attract pollinators.
    • Coreopsis: The 'Berry Chiffon' variety is a delightful addition to any garden with its soft and delicate foliage and long-lasting pink and white flowers.
    • Daffodil (Narcissus): These cheerful spring bloomers are a classic for a reason. They are easy to grow, come in a variety of colors, and are toxic to rabbits, making them an effective deterrent.
    • Daylily (Hemerocallis): Daylilies are known for their beautiful, trumpet-shaped flowers that come in a wide variety of colors and bloom times. They are relatively low-maintenance and add a touch of elegance to any garden.
    • Delphinium: These stately plants produce tall spires of blue, purple, or white flowers, adding vertical interest to the garden.
    • Ferns: Most ferns are rabbit-resistant due to their texture and taste. They are also excellent for adding a touch of woodland charm to shady areas of the garden.
    • Foxglove (Digitalis): Foxglove is a biennial plant with tall spires of tubular flowers that come in a variety of colors. It is toxic to rabbits and other animals, so it is best to plant it in areas where children and pets do not have access.
    • Geranium (Cranesbill): Geraniums are a versatile group of plants with aromatic foliage and vibrant flowers. The 'Rozanne' variety is a low-growing plant with purple flowers that bloom throughout the summer.
    • Iris: Irises are known for their elegant, showy flowers that come in a wide variety of colors and bloom times. They are relatively low-maintenance and add a touch of sophistication to any garden.
    • Lamb's Ears (Stachys byzantina): These fuzzy, silvery-leaved plants are a favorite of children and adults alike. Their soft texture is not appealing to rabbits, and they make an excellent groundcover or edging plant.
    • Lavender (Lavandula): Lavender is a beloved plant for its fragrant flowers and ability to repel a variety of pests, including rabbits. It is also drought-tolerant and relatively low-maintenance.
    • Lobelia: Lobelia produces masses of small, brightly colored flowers that add a cheerful touch to the garden.
    • Lungwort (Pulmonaria): Lungwort is an early spring bloomer with attractive spotted foliage and flowers in shades of blue, pink, and purple.
    • Penstemon: Penstemon comes in a wide array of colors and has a slightly bitter taste that rabbits avoid. It is also a favorite of pollinators.
    • Peony (Paeonia): Peonies are known for their large, fragrant flowers that come in a variety of colors. They are a classic choice for cottage gardens and add a touch of romance to any landscape.
    • Red Hot Poker (Kniphofia): These striking plants produce tall flower spikes in shades of red, orange, and yellow, resembling glowing pokers.
    • Russian Sage (Perovskia): Russian sage is a drought-tolerant plant with silvery-gray foliage and lavender-blue flowers. It is a good choice for xeriscaping and adds a touch of airy elegance to the garden.
    • Sage (Salvia): Many varieties of salvia have aromatic foliage and vibrant flowers that rabbits do not like. They are also excellent for attracting pollinators.
    • Sea Holly (Eryngium): Sea holly has spiky, thistle-like flowers and silvery-blue foliage, adding a touch of architectural interest to the garden.
    • Sedum (Stonecrop): Sedums are succulents with fleshy leaves and clusters of star-shaped flowers. They are drought-tolerant and low-maintenance, making them a good choice for rock gardens and other dry areas.
    • Yarrow (Achillea): Yarrow has fern-like foliage and colorful flower clusters that rabbits tend to avoid. It is also a good choice for attracting beneficial insects.
    • Yucca: These spiky plants are not a rabbit's idea of a tasty meal. They are drought-tolerant and add a dramatic touch to the landscape.
    • Zinnia: Zinnias are cheerful annuals that come in a wide variety of colors and bloom shapes. They are easy to grow and add a burst of color to any garden.

    When choosing rabbit-resistant perennials, it is helpful to observe what survives in neighboring gardens. This can give you valuable insights into which plants are most likely to thrive in your local environment and resist rabbit browsing.

    How to Protect Young Perennial Plants from Rabbits

    Even the most rabbit-resistant perennials can be vulnerable when they are young and tender. Here are some strategies to protect your young plants:

    • Fencing: Installing a fence around your garden is the most effective way to keep rabbits out. The fence should be at least 2 feet high and buried 6 inches deep to prevent rabbits from jumping over or burrowing under.
    • Netting: Bird or deer netting can also be used to protect young plants. Simply drape the netting over the plants and anchor the edges. However, be aware that rabbits can chew through tulle netting, so regular inspection is crucial.
    • Individual Cages: For individual plants, you can create cages using chicken wire. Be sure to anchor the cages to the ground to prevent rabbits from pushing them over.
    • Repellents: A variety of rabbit repellents are available, both commercially and homemade. These repellents typically work by emitting a scent that rabbits find unpleasant. Some options include:
      • Commercial repellents: Many commercial repellents are infused with the scent of predators, such as fox urine.
      • Natural repellents: You can try sprinkling human or animal hair, blood meal, hot peppers, or Tabasco sauce around your plants.
      • Soap repellents: Cut up or shred a bar of Ivory or Irish Spring soap and place it around the garden.
      • Spice repellents: Lightly sprinkle black pepper, crushed red pepper, or garlic powder in your garden beds. Black pepper has the added benefit of deterring ants and other insects and acting as an antibacterial agent.
      • Homemade sprays: You can make a repellent spray by steeping garlic, onion, hot peppers, or hot sauce in water overnight and spraying it on your plants.
    • Trunk Protectors: For young trees and shrubs, expandable trunk protectors can prevent rabbits from gnawing on the bark. You can also use cardboard wraps for a more environmentally friendly option.
    • Winter Protection: If you live in an area with harsh winters, you can protect shrubs by wrapping them with burlap and chicken wire.
    • Commercially Available Plant Protectors: For a convenient and ready-made solution, consider using commercially available rabbit-resistant plant protectors like Erva Bunny Barricades.
    • Habitat Removal: Rabbits are less likely to feed in areas where they feel exposed. Remove potential nesting spots, such as brush piles, tall grass, and rock piles, to discourage rabbits from establishing themselves in your garden.

    Remember that recent plantings and soft growth in the spring are particularly susceptible to rabbit damage. Be extra vigilant during these times and take appropriate measures to protect your vulnerable plants.

    Companion Planting to Deter Rabbits

    Companion planting involves strategically placing different species of plants together to benefit each other. Some plants can help deter rabbits from your garden by masking the scent of more desirable plants or by simply being less appealing to rabbits themselves. Here are some companion planting strategies to consider:

    • Fragrant Barriers: Surround your garden or vulnerable plants with a border of extra-fragrant plants like garlic, onions, rosemary, or lemongrass.
    • Vegetable Companions: Incorporate rabbit-resistant vegetables like asparagus, leeks, onions, potatoes, rhubarb, squash, and tomatoes into your garden.
    • Flower Power: Plant rabbit-resistant flowers like cleomes, geraniums, vincas, and wax begonias near your more vulnerable plants.
    • Herbal Allies: Include herbs like basil, mint, oregano, parsley, and tarragon in your garden.
    • Scented Combinations: Try planting a combination of 'Taishon' marigolds and spicy globe basil for extra rabbit-repelling power.
    • Decoy Plants: Offer rabbits an alternative food source by planting "decoy plants" like parsley around the perimeter of your garden.
    • Annual Flowers: Consider incorporating annual flowers that repel rabbits, such as ageratum, cleome, California poppy, snow-on-the-mountain, and marvel-of-Peru.

    When companion planting, remember that diversity is key. A variety of plants will not only help deter rabbits but also create a healthier and more balanced garden ecosystem.

    Rabbit-Resistant Alternatives to Popular Perennials

    If you have your heart set on a particular perennial that is a known rabbit favorite, consider these rabbit-resistant alternatives:

    Plant That Rabbits Love

    Rabbit-Resistant Alternative

    Hostas

    Ferns, Yucca, Lamb's Ears

    Impatiens

    Wax Begonia, New Guinea Impatiens

    Tulips

    Daffodils, Alliums

    Pansies

    Violas, Snapdragons

    Petunias

    Calibrachoa, Verbena

    Growth Habits and Care Requirements of Rabbit-Resistant Perennials

    Rabbit-resistant perennials come in a wide variety of shapes, sizes, and colors, each with their own growth habits and care requirements. Here is a closer look at some of the plants mentioned earlier:

    • Blackfoot Daisy (Melampodium leucanthum): This native Texas perennial thrives in hot, dry conditions and produces masses of small, white, honey-scented blooms. It grows 6-12 inches tall and 24 inches wide and prefers full sun.
    • Butterfly Weed (Asclepias tuberosa): This herbaceous perennial grows 2 feet tall and wide and prefers full sun and well-drained soil. It is a host plant for monarch butterflies and produces orange blooms in the summer.
    • COLOR SPIRES® Salvia: This variety of salvia grows 16-22 inches tall and 16-24 inches wide and prefers full sun. It is known for its coarsely textured leaves and vibrant flowers.
    • ROCK 'N GROW® Sedum: This sedum variety comes in various sizes and prefers full sun. It is a succulent with fleshy leaves and is generally rabbit-resistant.
    • Montrose White Calamint (Calamintha): This rock-solid perennial is a member of the mint family and is rarely bothered by rabbits.
    • Canada Wild Ginger (Asarum): This low-growing groundcover prefers shade and has unique, ginger-scented foliage.

    When choosing rabbit-resistant perennials, consider the following factors:

    • Sunlight: Some perennials thrive in full sun, while others prefer partial shade or even full shade.
    • Water: Select plants that are appropriate for your climate and watering habits. Some perennials are drought-tolerant, while others require regular watering.
    • Soil: Ensure your soil type is suitable for the plants you choose. Some perennials prefer well-drained soil, while others can tolerate heavier soils.
    • Maintenance: Consider the maintenance requirements of each plant. Some perennials require more pruning, deadheading, or dividing than others.

    A Multi-Faceted Approach to Rabbit Control While planting rabbit-resistant perennials is a great first step, the most effective way to deter rabbits is to employ a multi-faceted approach. Combine different strategies, such as:

    • Planting rabbit-resistant perennials: This creates a less appealing environment for rabbits.
    • Using repellents: This further discourages rabbits from entering your garden.
    • Providing physical barriers: This prevents rabbits from accessing your plants.
    • Practicing good garden hygiene: This removes potential nesting spots and food sources.
    • Companion planting: This creates a more diverse and balanced garden ecosystem.

    By combining these strategies, you can significantly reduce the risk of rabbit damage and create a thriving garden that is both beautiful and rabbit-resistant.

    Gardening in harmony with nature often involves a bit of a dance – a delicate balance between nurturing our plants and outsmarting those who might see them as a tasty snack. Rabbits, with their seemingly endless appetites, can be formidable opponents in this dance. But by understanding their preferences, employing a variety of deterrent strategies, and choosing plants wisely, you can create a garden that is both beautiful and resilient. Remember that ongoing vigilance and a willingness to adapt are key to success in this ongoing garden game. Happy gardening!