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    • Vinca

    Vinca (vin-kuh) (common periwinkle, greater periwinkle) Apocynaceae Family. Trailing or creeping herbs that are sometimes evergreen, sometimes shrubby. Vinca are primarily from the warmer regions of Europe and Asia. Primarily ground covers, they grow to 2 or 3 feet long, and do best with some shade. They require a great deal of moisture and if allowed to dry out, they will quickly die. They have opposite leaves and small, funnel-shaped flowers. A sprinkling of fertilizer in early spring, at the same time it is sheared back to remove any growth that may have winter-burn, promotes dense, healthy new shoots.

    Enjoy vinca's colorful blooms from spring through fall. The blue, purple, or white flowers provide a colorful accent to the shiny, green foliage. This easy, adaptable groundcover tolerates a wide range of soil conditions. Note: It can also grow very quickly -- to the point some gardeners call it invasive.

    Vinca spreads by creeping across the ground and rooting at each node that touches the surface. This makes it an excellent plant to use for erosion control on slopes. Once established, it is a low-maintenance plant.

    Easy-to-grow in any well-drained soil, but grow best in fertile, loamy soil with a neutral to slightly acidic pH. Good low maintenance lawn alternative as it tolerates some foot traffic. Excellent for slopes or low-maintenance cover, especially in areas requiring erosion control. Mow in the fall for fresh foliage. Also a great plant for hanging containers or window boxes which allow the glossy foliage to cascade over the sides. Deer and rabbit resistant.

    Vinca major and Vinca minor are nearly identical except for leaf shape and flower size. Vinca major has broader leaves with longer hairs on the petioles, larger flowers, and is less cold hardy. Both are low maintenance and often used for controlling soil erosion on shady slopes.

    • Vinca minor bare root plant Vinca minor bare root plant

      Vinca

      Vinca minor (bare root plant)

      Vinca minor Bare Root PlantCommon names: Periwinkle, lesser periwinkle, dwarf periwinkle Height: 6-18 Inches Hardiness Zone: 6-9 Full Sun to Shade Prefers Part Shade to Shade in Southern Zones Semi-Evergreen in Northern zones Tolerates most soil...

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    Vinca, also known as periwinkle, is a popular flowering plant that comes in both annual and perennial varieties. Annual vinca (Catharanthus roseus) is grown as an annual in zones 2-11, while perennial vinca (Vinca major and Vinca minor) are vining groundcovers that thrive in shaded or partly shaded spots. Both types are known for their attractive foliage and vibrant flowers, making them a versatile choice for gardens, containers, and hanging baskets.

    Common Names Vinca is commonly referred to as periwinkle. Perennial vinca is also sometimes called myrtle.

    Types There are two main types of vinca: annual vinca and perennial vinca. Annual vinca is typically grown as an annual in zones 2-11, while perennial vinca comes in two main species: Vinca major and Vinca minor. Vinca major is a less cold-hardy plant that thrives in zones 6-9, while Vinca minor is more cold-hardy and suitable for zones 4-9.

    Growth Habits Annual vinca grows upright and typically reaches a height of 14-20 inches. Perennial vinca, on the other hand, is a low-growing groundcover that spreads by trailing stems that root wherever they touch the soil. Because of this spreading and rooting habit, perennial vinca can be a good choice for erosion control on slopes.

    Planting and Caring for Vinca

    • Soil Preferences Vinca prefers well-draining soil that is slightly acidic to neutral (pH between 6.0 and 7.0). If your soil is heavy, add compost before planting to improve drainage. For container planting, use a porous, well-draining potting mix.  
    • Sunlight Needs Annual vinca thrives in full sun but can handle partial shade as long as there's good air circulation. Perennial vinca generally prefers shade, especially in hotter zones (7-9 for Vinca minor and 10-11 for Vinca major), but can tolerate full sun in cooler zones (4-6 for Vinca minor and 6-9 for Vinca major).
    • Watering Requirements Vinca prefers its soil to be on the drier side. Water only when the top inch of soil is dry to the touch. Overwatering can be a common problem with vinca, potentially leading to fungal diseases. Water the plant early in the morning to allow the foliage to dry out during the day, which helps prevent fungal diseases.
    • Fertilizing Vinca is not a heavy feeder and can grow well without fertilizer if the soil is fertile. However, you can apply a slow-release fertilizer at planting time or a liquid fertilizer twice a month for container plants.  

    Other Care Tips

    • Mulching: Mulch around the plants to help retain moisture.
    • Pinching: Pinch back new growth at the tips of the branches to prevent the plant from becoming leggy.
    • Spacing: Space plants 12-15 inches apart to allow for adequate growth.

    Starting Vinca from Seed Vinca seeds can be started indoors about 10 weeks before the anticipated outdoor planting date. Use a growing media specifically designed for germinating seeds and lightly cover the seeds with the media and a layer of vermiculite. Keep the seed and media moist by using a plastic cover over the seedling tray. Seeds will germinate in 7-21 days at 70-75°F. After germination, grow plants at 75°F during the day and 65-70°F at night. Vinca seedlings are very susceptible to damping off, so let the media dry out slightly between waterings.

    Common Problems and Diseases

    Vinca is generally low maintenance in terms of pests and diseases. However, it can be susceptible to fungal diseases, especially in rainy seasons or when planted in poorly draining soil. Ensuring proper watering and providing well-draining soil are crucial for preventing these diseases.  

    Fungal Diseases

    • Botrytis Blight: This disease causes leaves and flowers to rot and become covered with gray fungal growth. To manage it, ensure good air circulation, remove dead tissue, and apply a fungicide if necessary.
    • Phytophthora Root and Crown Rot: This disease causes dark brown spots on the crowns and roots, leading to wilting and death. Use pasteurized potting mix, discard infected plants, and apply a fungicide as a preventative measure.  
    • Leaf Spot: Leaf spot appears as yellow to dark brown spots on leaves. Remove infected plants to prevent the spread of the disease.
    • Stem Canker: This fungal disease causes shoot tips to turn dark brown or black and die back. Ensure good drainage and remove infected plants.
    • Rhizoctonia Stem Rot: This disease can cause stem rot and less commonly root rot. Affected plants may turn yellow, wilt, and collapse.

    Viral Diseases

    • Spotted Wilt (Impatiens Necrotic Spot Virus - INSV): This viral disease can cause severe distortion or a blackened appearance on newly emerging leaves. It is transmitted by the western flower thrips. Strategies for control include removing diseased plants and controlling the leafhopper vectors.

    Pests While insect attacks on vinca are few, they can occasionally be affected by aphids, spider mites, scale, and whiteflies. These pests can generally be controlled with beneficial insects, insecticidal soap, or neem oil.

    Different Varieties of Vinca

    Annual Vinca Varieties There are many series of annual vinca available, each with a full range of colors. Some popular series include:

    • Cora: Known for disease resistance and includes both trailing and upright varieties. For example, the Cora Cascade Magenta is a trailing variety that is well-suited for hanging baskets and containers.
    • Soiree Kawaii: Produces many smaller flowers, giving the plants a wildflower look.
    • Valiant: Features large plants with extra-large flowers. The Valiant Apricot variety is known for its warm-pink flowers and vigorous growth.
    • Vitesse: Easy to grow and maintain.

    Perennial Vinca Varieties The two main species of perennial vinca are:

    • Vinca major: Less cold hardy, more tolerant of heat, has broader, hairier leaves, and larger flowers than Vinca minor.
    • Vinca minor: More cold hardy and has smaller leaves and flowers than Vinca major.  

    Is Vinca Invasive? Annual vinca is generally not considered invasive, although it may self-seed in some areas. However, perennial vinca (Vinca major and Vinca minor) can be invasive in certain regions.

    Invasiveness of Perennial Vinca Perennial vinca spreads rapidly by rooting stems and can crowd out native vegetation, particularly in forest understories and along stream banks. In California, Vinca major is rapidly spreading in most coastal counties, foothill woodlands, the Central Valley, and even desert areas. It has escaped from garden plantings and disrupts native plant communities.

    If you are concerned about the invasiveness of perennial vinca, consider the following:

    • Climate: Vinca minor is more likely to become invasive in cooler climates with moist soil.
    • Habitat: Avoid planting vinca near natural areas where it could escape and threaten native plants.
    • Garden Practices: Regularly trim back vinca to prevent it from spreading beyond your garden.
    • Alternative Varieties: Some cultivars of Vinca minor and Vinca major have been selected for less invasive characteristics.

    Vinca is a beautiful and versatile plant that can add color and interest to any garden. By understanding the basic needs of vinca and following the planting and care instructions outlined in this guide, gardeners can successfully cultivate these plants and enjoy their vibrant blooms. When choosing a vinca, consider whether an annual or perennial type is best suited to your garden's needs and your local climate. Remember that well-draining soil and proper watering are crucial for preventing diseases. Also, be mindful of the potential invasiveness of perennial vinca and take appropriate measures to prevent it from spreading into unwanted areas. With a little care and attention, vinca can be a rewarding addition to any garden.

    Vinca major and Vinca minor are two popular species of the Vinca genus, commonly known as periwinkle. Here are some key differences and characteristics:

    Vinca Major (Greater Periwinkle)

    • Size: Larger than Vinca minor, with stems that can grow up to 28-35 inches high.
    • Leaves: Broad, heart-shaped, and larger, measuring. The leaves have a leathery texture and hairy margins.
    • Flowers: Typically violet-blue, blooming from summer to fall.
    • Habitat: Native to the western Mediterranean.

    Vinca Minor (Lesser Periwinkle)

    • Size: Smaller, with stems that grow up to 6-18 inches high.
    • Leaves: Smaller, elongated, and lance-shaped, The leaves have a leathery texture and hairless margins.
    • Flowers: Violet-blue, blooming from spring to mid-summer.
    • Habitat: Native to central and southern Europe, southern Russia, and southwestern Asia.

    Both species are evergreen perennials with trailing stems that root where they touch the ground, making them excellent ground covers. They thrive in shady gardens or woodlands and are known for their glossy green foliage and delicate flowers.

     

    Vinca major (Common Names: Big Leaf Periwinkle, Blue Buttons, Blue Periwinkle, Greater Periwinkle, Periwinkle, Vinca) is a versatile evergreen ground cover known for its rapid growth and vibrant blue-to-violet flowers.

    Key Features:

    • Growth Habit: Forms a dense, low-growing mat with stems that root at the nodes.
    • Leaves: Large, ovate leaves with a heart-shaped base.
    • Flowers: Showy, five-petaled flowers that bloom intermittently throughout the year.
    • Soil Preference: Thrives in moist, fertile soil with good drainage.
    • Light Requirements: Tolerates a wide range of light conditions, from full shade to dappled sunlight.

    Garden Culture and Care:

    • Soil: Prefers moist, humus-rich soil in part shade, but tolerates dry to medium well-drained soil in full sun to part shade.
    • Planting: Space plants 8-12 inches apart for quick coverage.
    • Maintenance: Once established, Vinca major can spread aggressively. Regular pruning and monitoring can help control its growth.
    • Pest and Disease: Watch for aphids, nematodes, root rot, leaf spot, and blight.

    Noteworthy Characteristics:

    • Prostrate Growth: Long trailing stems create a dense mat.
    • Showy Flowers: Pale violet-blue flowers bloom on upright stalks.
    • Aggressive Spread: Can root at nodes and spread rapidly.
    • Invasive Potential: May be invasive in certain areas.

    Invasive Potential:

    While Vinca major can be a beautiful addition to gardens, it's important to be aware of its invasive potential, especially in warmer climates. It can spread aggressively, outcompeting native plants and degrading wildlife habitat.

    Care and Maintenance:

    • Propagation: Easily propagated by cuttings or division.
    • Pruning: Regular pruning can help control its spread and maintain a desired shape.
    • Pest and Disease Control: Monitor for common pests like nematodes and aphids, and address diseases like root rot and leaf spot promptly.

    Considerations:

    • Invasive Status: In regions where it's considered invasive, exercise caution and consider alternative ground covers.
    • Host Plant: Avoid planting near grapevines, as it can host the bacterium that causes Pierce's disease.

    By understanding the characteristics and potential drawbacks of Vinca major, you can make informed decisions about its use in your garden.

    • Common Name: Greater Periwinkle
    • Type: Herbaceous Perennial
    • Family: Apocynaceae
    • Native Range: Northeastern Asia Minor and adjacent western Caucasus
    • USDA Hardiness Zones: 7-9
    • Height: 0.50-1.50 feet
    • Spread: 1.00-2.00 feet
    • Bloom Time: April-May (may bloom intermittently throughout the summer)
    • Bloom Description: Violet-blue
    • Sun: Full sun to part shade
    • Water: Dry to medium
    • Maintenance: Medium
    • Suggested Use: Ground cover, naturalize
    • Flower: Showy Leaf: Evergreen
    • Tolerates: Deer, drought, heavy shade, erosion, dry soil
    • Invasive Potential: May be invasive in certain regions of the US. Check local regulations.  

     

    Vinca minor Description

    Common Name: Common Periwinkle

    Type: Herbaceous Perennial

    Family: Apocynaceae

    Native Range: Europe and the Caucasus

    • Growth Habit: Creeping, spreading ground cover
    • Height: 3-6 inches
    • Spread: 3-18 inches
    • Bloom Time: Spring, early summer, and intermittently throughout the year
    • Bloom Description: Small, blue-lavender flowers
    • Sun: Prefers full sun to partial shade
    • Water: Moist soil with good drainage
    • Maintenance: High maintenance due to aggressive growth
    • Suggested Use: Ground cover (with caution due to invasive potential)
    • Flower: Attractive to bumblebees
    • Leaf: Evergreen
    • Tolerates: A variety of light and soil conditions
    • Invasive Potential: Considered invasive in many regions; choose native alternatives where possible

    Garden Culture and Care:

    • Soil: Moist, well-drained soil
    • Light: Full sun to partial shade
    • Propagation: Division or stem cuttings
    • Maintenance: Regular pruning and monitoring to control spread

    Noteworthy Characteristics:

    • Rapid Growth: Forms dense mats quickly.
    • Attractive Flowers: Small, blue-lavender flowers.
    • Invasive Potential: Can outcompete native plants and become problematic.

    Before planting Vinca minor, carefully consider its invasive potential and choose native alternatives if available.

    Vinca, also known as periwinkle, is a genus of flowering plants that belongs to the dogbane family, Apocynaceae. Here is a breakdown of its taxonomy:

    Kingdom: Plantae (Plants) Subkingdom: Tracheobionta (Vascular plants) Superdivision: Spermatophyta (Seed plants) Division: Magnoliophyta (Flowering plants) Class: Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledons) Subclass: Asteriidae Order: Gentianales Family: Apocynaceae (Dogbane family) Genus: Vinca L.

    Important Notes:

    • Close Relative: The genus Catharanthus (Madagascar periwinkle) was once included in Vinca but is now considered a separate, though closely related, genus.
    • Number of Species: There are about five to seven species within the Vinca genus, depending on the classification system used.
    • Native Range: Vinca is native to Europe, northwest Africa, and southwest Asia.
    • Invasive Potential: Some Vinca species, particularly Vinca minor (common periwinkle), have become invasive in parts of North America and other regions.

    Key Features of Vinca:

    • Growth Habit: Vinca species are typically evergreen, trailing subshrubs or herbaceous perennials.
    • Flowers: They have distinctive, pinwheel-shaped flowers with five petals. Flower colors commonly include blue, purple, white, and pink.
    • Leaves: The leaves are opposite, simple, and usually glossy green.

    Overall Growth Habit:

    • Trailing or Upright: Most Vinca species have a trailing or creeping growth habit, with stems that spread along the ground and often root at the nodes. However, some species, like Vinca herbacea, have a more upright growth form.
    • Evergreen or Deciduous: Most Vinca species are evergreen, retaining their leaves throughout the year. However, Vinca herbacea is deciduous, meaning it loses its leaves in the winter.

    Leaves:

    • Arrangement: Leaves are arranged oppositely on the stem (in pairs).
    • Shape: Generally oval or elliptical in shape.
    • Margins: Margins (edges) are usually entire (smooth).
    • Surface: Often glossy or leathery in texture.
    • Color: Typically dark green, but some cultivars may have variegated foliage.

    Stems:

    • Slender and Trailing: Stems are typically slender and flexible, allowing them to spread along the ground.
    • Rooting at Nodes: Many Vinca species can root at the nodes (where leaves attach to the stem), facilitating their spreading growth.

    Flowers:

    • Shape: The flowers have a distinctive pinwheel or salverform shape (with a flat face and a narrow tube).
    • Petals: Five petals are fused at the base to form a tube.
    • Color: Common colors include blue, purple, white, and pink.
    • Blooming Season: Flowers typically appear in spring and may continue sporadically throughout the summer.

    Fruit:

    • Type: The fruit is a follicle (a dry fruit that splits open along one side to release seeds).
    • Shape: Follicles are usually cylindrical and occur in pairs.

    Seeds:

    • Shape and Size: Seeds are small and oblong.
    • Dispersal: Wind or animals disperse seeds.

    Other Features:

    • Milky Sap: Vinca plants contain a milky sap that can be irritating to the skin for some people.

    Important Notes:

    • Variation: There can be some variation in morphology between different Vinca species and cultivars.
    • Identification: Accurate identification of Vinca species often requires careful examination of multiple morphological features, including leaves, flowers, and growth habit.

    Vinca, with its charming pinwheel flowers and lush foliage, can be a delightful addition to gardens. Here is a guide to cultivating these lovely plants:

    1. Choosing the Right Vinca

    • Annual or Perennial: Determine whether you want annual vinca (Catharanthus roseus) or perennial vinca (Vinca minor or Vinca major). Annual vinca offers a wider range of flower colors, while perennial vinca is a good groundcover option.
    • Growth Habit: Consider the mature size and growth habit. Some vinca varieties are more compact, while others are more vigorous spreaders. Choose accordingly based on your garden space and design.
    • Flower Color: Vinca flowers come in various colors, including blue, purple, white, and pink. Select varieties that complement your existing garden palette.

    2. Planting Vinca

    • Location: Vinca thrives in full sun (at least 6 hours daily) but tolerates some shade, especially in hot climates.
    • Soil: Well-drained soil is crucial. Amend heavy clay soil with organic matter like compost to improve drainage.
    • Spacing: Space plants according to their mature size. Generally, 12-18 inches apart is sufficient for most varieties.
    • Planting Time: Plant vinca in spring after the danger of frost has passed.

    3. Caring for Vinca

    • Watering: Water regularly, especially during the first growing season, to establish a strong root system. Once established, vinca is relatively drought-tolerant.
    • Fertilizing: Fertilize lightly in spring with a balanced fertilizer. Avoid over-fertilization, as it can lead to leggy growth and fewer blooms.
    • Deadheading: While not strictly necessary, removing faded flowers can encourage more blooms and maintain a tidy appearance.
    • Pruning: For perennial vinca, prune back in late winter or early spring to control its spread and rejuvenate the plant.

    4. Propagation

    • Cuttings: Take stem cuttings in spring or summer and root them in moist potting mix.
    • Division: Divide established clumps of perennial vinca in spring or fall.

    5. Pests and Diseases

    • Phytophthora Blight: This fungal disease can cause stem and root rot. Ensure good drainage and avoid overwatering.
    • Aphids and Whiteflies: These pests can infest vinca. Use insecticidal soap or other control methods as needed.

    Extra Tips

    • Mulch: Apply a layer of mulch around the base of the plants to help retain moisture and suppress weeds.
    • Groundcover: Perennial vinca is an excellent groundcover for sunny or partially shaded areas.
    • Containers: Vinca can be grown in containers, hanging baskets, or window boxes.
    • Invasive Potential: Be mindful of the potential invasiveness of perennial vinca, especially Vinca minor. Plant it in areas where it can be contained or choose sterile cultivars.

    By following these guidelines, you can cultivate healthy and vibrant vinca plants that will bring beauty to your garden.

    Vinca Care Calendar

    This calendar provides a general guideline for Vinca maintenance. Remember to adjust the timing based on your specific climate and the needs of your Vinca varieties.

    Spring

    • March - April:
      • Cleanup: Remove any winter mulch and debris from around the plants.
      • Fertilize: Apply a balanced, slow-release fertilizer.
      • Divide: Divide overcrowded clumps of perennial vinca.
      • Plant: Start seeds indoors or purchase and plant new vinca plants after the danger of frost has passed.
    • May - June:
      • Water: Provide consistent moisture, especially for newly planted vinca.
      • Monitor: Watch for pests like aphids and whiteflies.
      • Deadhead: Remove faded flowers to encourage more blooms (optional).

    Summer

    • July - August:
      • Water: Water deeply during hot, dry periods, but avoid overwatering.
      • Mulch: Maintain a layer of mulch around the plants to help retain moisture and suppress weeds.
      • Monitor: Watch for signs of diseases like Phytophthora blight.

    Fall

    • September - October:
      • Cut back: Trim back perennial vinca to control its spread and rejuvenate the plant.
      • Mulch: Apply a fresh layer of mulch around the base of the plants for winter protection.

    Winter

    • November - February:
      • Limited care: Vinca plants are generally dormant in winter.
      • Protect: In colder climates, provide additional winter protection with evergreen boughs if needed, especially for young plants.

    Important Notes:

    • Regional Variations: Adjust the timing of these tasks based on your specific climate and growing conditions.
    • Annual vs. Perennial: Annual vinca requires less maintenance than perennial vinca.
    • Observation: Regularly observe your vinca plants to identify any potential problems early on. This will help you address issues promptly and ensure healthy growth.

    I hope this calendar helps you keep your vinca plants thriving!

    Vinca is a wonderful choice for mass planting! Its vibrant flowers, lush foliage, and adaptability make it a popular option for creating impactful displays in gardens and landscapes. Here's why vinca excels in mass plantings and some top-performing varieties:  

    Why Vinca for Mass Plantings?

    • Visual Impact: When planted en masse, vinca creates a sea of color that can be truly breathtaking. The vibrant blooms, whether blue, purple, pink, or white, add a cheerful and lively touch to any space.
    • Groundcover: Perennial vinca varieties, like Vinca minor, are excellent groundcovers, forming a dense mat that helps suppress weeds and prevent erosion.
    • Versatility: Vinca can be used in various settings, from borders and flower beds to containers and hanging baskets. This makes it easy to incorporate into different garden designs.
    • Low Maintenance: Vinca is relatively low-maintenance once established, making it a good choice for large-scale plantings where you want to minimize upkeep.
    • Pollinator-Friendly: The flowers attract pollinators like bees and butterflies, contributing to a healthy garden ecosystem.

    Top Vinca Varieties for Mass Plantings:

    • Vinca minor 'Bowles' Variety': This popular cultivar boasts vibrant blue flowers and a vigorous spreading habit, making it an excellent groundcover.
    • Vinca minor 'Illumination': This variety features variegated foliage with creamy yellow margins, adding extra interest even when not in bloom.
    • Vinca minor 'Atropurpurea': Produces rich purple flowers that create a dramatic contrast with the dark green foliage.
    • Catharanthus roseus (Annual Vinca) Series: Numerous annual vinca series, like the Cora Cascade series or the Soiree Kawaii series, offer a wide range of flower colors and growth habits, making them versatile for mass plantings in beds or containers.

    Tips for Mass Planting Vinca:

    • Spacing: Space plants according to their mature size. For groundcover vinca, space them about 12-18 inches apart. For annual vinca, spacing may vary depending on the variety.
    • Soil Preparation: Amend the soil with organic matter to improve drainage and fertility.
    • Sunlight: Choose a location that receives full sun to part shade.
    • Watering: Water regularly during the first growing season to help plants establish.
    • Mulch: Apply a layer of mulch around the base of the plants to help retain moisture and suppress weeds.

    Design Ideas:

    • Groundcover: Use perennial vinca to create a lush carpet of color under trees or shrubs, or to fill in gaps in borders.
    • Borders and Edging: Plant vinca along walkways or flower beds to create a neat and colorful border.
    • Containers and Hanging Baskets: Annual vinca varieties, especially trailing types, look stunning in containers and hanging baskets.
    • Mixed Plantings: Combine vinca with other annuals or perennials for a vibrant and textured display.

    With its versatility, beauty, and ease of care, vinca is an excellent choice for mass plantings that will bring color and life to your garden.

    Vinca's versatility and resilience make it a fantastic choice for various landscaping applications. Here are some design tips to help you effectively incorporate vinca into your outdoor spaces:

    1. Groundcover and Erosion Control:

    • Slopes and Banks: Vinca's trailing habit and ability to root at the nodes make it ideal for stabilizing slopes and preventing erosion. Plant it on hillsides or embankments to create a dense mat that holds the soil in place.
    • Under Trees and Shrubs: Vinca thrives in partial shade and can tolerate dry conditions, making it a great choice for planting under trees or shrubs where other plants might struggle.
    • Weed Suppression: Its dense growth helps to suppress weeds, reducing the need for weeding and maintenance.

    2. Borders and Edging:

    • Define Garden Beds: Use vinca to create a neat and colorful border around flower beds, walkways, or patios. Its low-growing habit provides a clear separation between different areas of your landscape.
    • Soften Edges: Vinca can help soften hard edges, such as those created by walls or fences. Its trailing stems will cascade over the edges, adding a touch of softness and greenery.

    3. Containers and Hanging Baskets:

    • Trailing Varieties: Choose trailing varieties of vinca, like those in the Cora Cascade series, for containers and hanging baskets. The cascading stems will create a beautiful waterfall effect.
    • Mixed Plantings: Combine vinca with other annuals or perennials in containers for a vibrant and textured display.

    4. Rock Gardens:

    • Drought Tolerance: Vinca's drought tolerance makes it a good choice for rock gardens, where it can thrive in well-drained conditions.
    • Cascading Effect: Plant it near rocks or boulders to allow its stems to trail and cascade over the edges.

    5. Woodland Gardens:

    • Shade Tolerance: Vinca can tolerate some shade, making it suitable for woodland gardens or areas with dappled sunlight.
    • Naturalized Look: Its spreading habit can create a naturalized look in woodland settings.

    Additional Tips:

    • Choose the Right Variety: Consider the growth habit, flower color, and sun/shade requirements when selecting vinca varieties for your landscape.
    • Prepare the Soil: Ensure good drainage by amending heavy clay soil with organic matter.
    • Spacing: Space plants appropriately to allow for their mature size and spreading habit.
    • Maintenance: Prune perennial vinca regularly to control its spread and prevent it from becoming invasive.
    • Invasive Potential: Be mindful of the potential invasiveness of some vinca species, particularly Vinca minor. Choose sterile cultivars or plant them in areas where they can be contained.

    By incorporating these design tips, you can effectively utilize vinca's versatility and beauty to enhance your landscaping and create a vibrant and welcoming outdoor space.

    Vinca FAQ

    Periwinkle (Vinca spp.) is a low-growing, evergreen ground cover with a reputation for both beauty and invasiveness. Native to Europe and the Caucasus, this herbaceous perennial is prized for its vibrant blue-lavender flowers and dense, dark green foliage.

    Growth Habits and Preferences
    Periwinkle thrives in a variety of conditions, from full sun to partial shade. It prefers moist soil with good drainage and is tolerant of high heat. Its rapid growth rate and ability to root at the nodes allow it to form a dense mat, quickly covering large areas. While this characteristic makes it a popular choice for ground cover, it can also lead to aggressive growth and displacement of native plants.

    Identifying Periwinkle
    Periwinkle is easily recognized by its small, blue-lavender flowers, which appear against a backdrop of dark green, leathery leaves. Some cultivars have variegated or gold leaves. The flowers attract bumblebees and other pollinators.

    Invasive Potential
    Periwinkle's aggressive nature has earned it a spot on many states' most unwanted lists. Its ability to spread rapidly and outcompete native plants can make it difficult to control in certain environments.

    Two Common Species
    There are two main species of periwinkle in cultivation:

    • Vinca major: This species has larger leaves that are broadest below the middle and have a cordate or rounded base. The leaves are thinner in texture than those of Vinca minor and have ciliate margins.
    • Vinca minor: This species has smaller leaves that are broadest near the middle and have a rounded or cuneate base. The leaves are thicker in texture and lack ciliate margins.

    Plant Problems

    Periwinkle can be susceptible to vine stem canker (blight), which can damage or kill large patches of the plant. Additionally, its aggressive growth can make it difficult to control in gardens and natural areas.

    If you're considering planting periwinkle, it's important to be aware of its invasive potential and take steps to manage its growth. In areas where it's not invasive, periwinkle can be a beautiful and low-maintenance ground cover. However, in regions where it's considered a problem, careful consideration should be given to alternative ground cover options.

    Common Name(s): Bowles Periwinkle, Common Periwinkle, Dwarf Periwinkle, Lesser Periwinkle, Periwinkle, Running Myrtle, Vinca

    Phonetic Spelling VIN-kah MY-nor

    Periwinkle is an herbaceous perennial, broadleaf evergreen ground cover in the dogbane family (Apocynaceae). It is native to Europe and the Caucasus and has a creeping, spreading habit.

    It tolerates high heat and nearly full shade but prefers full sun, partial shade, or dappled sunlight and moist soil with good drainage. It grows 3 to 6 inches high and 3 to 18 inches wide which makes it seem like a relatively small plant, but its rapid growth rate and ability to root at the nodes enables periwinkle to form a dense mat over a wide area and become weedy and high maintenance in a short order.

    Identify periwinkle by its small, blue-lavender flowers that appear against the backdrop of dark green leathery foliage in spring and early summer and intermittently throughout the year. There are cultivars with variegated or gold leaves. The flowers attract bumblebees.

    Its aggressive nature has won periwinkle a spot on many states' most unwanted lists.

    The two species of periwinkle in cultivation differ as follows:

    Vinca major has leaves that are broadest below the middle, and the leaf bases are cordate (heart-shaped) to nearly rounded. The leaves are thin in texture (relative to the other species) and ciliate on their margins. The flowers are larger than other other species.

    Vinca minor has leaves that are broadest near the middle and the leaf bases are rounded to cuneate (wedge-shaped). The leaves are thick in texture (relative to the other species) and not ciliate on their margins. The flowers are smaller than other other species.

    Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems: Vine stem canker (blight) can damage or kill large patches and periwinkle can spread aggressively into adjacent lawns, gardens and natural areas

    Attributes:

    • Genus: Vinca
    • Species: minor
    • Family: Apocynaceae
    • Uses (Ethnobotany): groundcover
    • Life Cycle: Perennial
    • Recommended Propagation Strategy: Division, Stem Cutting
    • Country Or Region Of Origin: Europe to Caucasus
    • Wildlife Value: Attracts bumblebees.
    • Attractive Flowers
    • Height: 0 ft. 3 in. - 0 ft. 6 in.
    • Width: 0 ft. 6 in. - 1 ft. 6 in.

     Plant Traits:

    • Plant Type: Ground Cover
    • Herbaceous Perennial
    • Broadleaf Evergreen
    • Habit/Form: Horizontal, Prostrate, Spreading
    • Growth Rate: Rapid
    • Maintenance: High

    Cultural Conditions:

    • Light: Dappled Sunlight (Shade through upper canopy all day)
    • Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
    • Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
    • Soil Texture: Clay, High Organic Matter, Loam (Silt), Sand
    • Soil Drainage: Good Drainage, Moist, Occasionally Dry
    • Space To Plant: Less than 12 inches
    • USDA Plant Hardiness Zone: 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b

     Flowers:

    • Flower Color: Blue, Purple/Lavender, White
    • Flower Inflorescence: Head
    • Showy
    • Flower Bloom Time: Spring, Summer
    • Flower Shape: Tubular
    • Flower Petals: 4-5 petals/rays
    • Flower Size: < 1 inch
    • Flower Description: Flowers are axillary, solitary, lilac-blue; corolla rotate, 5-lobed, actinomorphic, on more upright stems.
    • Leaves: Woody Plant Leaf Characteristics:
    • Broadleaf Evergreen
    • Leaf Length: 1-3 inches
    • Leaf Width: < 1 inch
    • Leaf Description: Leaves are opposite, simple, evergreen, elliptic, to 1 inch long, entire, medium green.
    • Stem Is Aromatic: Stems are thin and wiry erect to about 6", then arching over to ground and trailing.

     Resistance: Deer, Drought, Dry Soil, Erosion, Heavy Shade, Poor Soil, Salt

    Common Name(s): Big Leaf Periwinkle, Blue Buttons, Blue Periwinkle, Greater Periwinkle, Periwinkle Vinca

    Phonetic Spelling VIN-kah MAY-jor

    Description

    Big leaf periwinkle is an evergreen, herbaceous perennial ground cover from southern France to Asia Minor that forms a dense mat. It is a member of the dogbane family (Apocynaceae). The species epithet means larger.

    It tolerates high heat and nearly full shade but prefers partial shade, or dappled sunlight and moist, fertile soil with good drainage. It grows 3 to 8 inches high and 1 to 2 feet wide, which makes it seem like a relatively small plant, but its rapid growth rate and ability to root at the nodes enables periwinkle to form a dense mat over a wide area and become weedy and high maintenance. The blue-to-violet flowers appear in spring and may bloom intermittently through autumn. It can be grown in containers outside of zone 7. Its non-flowering stems grow along the ground, with the flowering stems standing upright.

    It spreads as its nodes come in contact with the surrounding soil, forming roots. Moving waters can also dislodge pieces of the stems and wash them downstream where they can form additional colonies.

    The two species of periwinkle in cultivation differ as follows:

    • Vinca major has leaves that are broadest below the middle, and the leaf bases are cordate (heart-shaped) to nearly rounded. The leaves are thin in texture (relative to the other species) and ciliate on their margins. The flowers are larger than other species.
    • Vinca minor has leaves that are broadest near the middle and the leaf bases are rounded to cuneate (wedge-shaped). The leaves are thick in texture (relative to the other species) and not ciliate on their margins. The flowers are smaller than other species.

    Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems: This evergreen can spread aggressively, becoming invasive as it spreads to adjacent beds and lawns, particularly in southern locations. In locations where its aggressive growth is unchecked, it can crowd out native plants and degrade animal habitats. Insects that may affect this plant include nematodes and aphids. Disease issues include root rot, leaf spot and blight. It is a known host to a bacterium that may cause Pierce's disease, a deadly disease for grapevines.

    Cultivars / Varieties: 'Variegata' Violet Blue Flowers

    Attributes:

    • Genus: Vinca
    • Species: major
    • Family: Apocynaceae
    • Life Cycle: Perennial
    • Recommended Propagation Strategy: Stem Cutting
    • Country Or Region Of Origin: Asia
    • Wildlife Value: Resistant to damage by deer
    • Dimensions:
      • Height: 0 ft. 3 in. - 0 ft. 8 in.
      • Width: 1 ft. 0 in. - 2 ft. 0 in.

     Plant Traits:

    • Plant Type: Ground Cover
    • Herbaceous Perennial
    • Broadleaf Evergreen
    • Habit/Form: Creeping, Dense, Erect, Horizontal, Open, Prostrate, Spreading
    • Growth Rate: Rapid

    Cultural Conditions:

    • Light:
      • Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
      • Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
    • Soil Texture: High Organic Matter, Loam (Silt)
    • Soil Drainage: Good Drainage, Moist, Occasionally Dry
    • Space To Plant: Less than 12 inches
    • USDA Plant Hardiness Zone: 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b

    Flowers:

    • Flower Color: Blue, Purple/Lavender, White
    • Flower Inflorescence: Head
    • Showy
    • Flower Bloom Time: Spring, Summer
    • Flower Shape: Funnel, Star
    • Flower Petals: 4-5 petals/rays
    • Flower Size: 1-3 inches
    • Flower Description: Flowers are solitary, axillary, anthocyanin pigmented (violet) or white; corolla rotate, actinomorphic, 5-lobed.

    Leaves:

    • Broadleaf Evergreen
    • Leaf Color: Gold/Yellow, Green
    • Leaf Shape: Lanceolate, Ovate
    • Leaf Length: 1-3 inches
    • Leaf Width: < 1 inch
    • Leaf Description: Leaves are opposite, simple, evergreen, green or variegated, ovate, acute, rotund, entire and ciliolate.
    • Stem Color: Brown/Copper, Green
    • Stem Description: Stems are erect with apex arching toward the ground. They contain a milky latex.

    Resistance Deer, Drought, Dry Soil, Erosion, Heavy Shade

    The genus Vinca is a group of flowering plants in the family Apocynaceae. They are native to Europe, northwest Africa, and southwest Asia. The common name for Vinca plants is periwinkle.

    There are five species of Vinca:

    Vinca major, the greater periwinkle, is an evergreen shrub that grows up to 2 meters tall. It has large, blue flowers that bloom in spring and summer.

    Vinca minor, the lesser periwinkle, is a creeping evergreen groundcover that grows up to 15 cm tall. It has small, blue flowers that bloom in spring and summer.

    Vinca herbacea, the common periwinkle, is a deciduous herbaceous plant that grows up to 30 cm tall. It has small, blue flowers that bloom in spring and summer.

    Vinca difformis, the Algerian periwinkle, is a small evergreen shrub that grows up to 50 cm tall. It has purple flowers that bloom in spring and summer.

    Vinca pubescens, the hairy periwinkle, is a small evergreen shrub that grows up to 50 cm tall. It has pink flowers that bloom in spring and summer.

    Vinca plants are popular in gardens because they are easy to grow and care for. They are also tolerant of a wide range of soil and light conditions. Vinca plants can be used as groundcovers, borders, or in containers.

    All parts of Vinca plants are poisonous and should not be eaten. The toxic principle is vincamine, which can cause gastrointestinal upset, drowsiness, and confusion.

    Annual Vinca:

    • Timing: Plant seedlings outdoors after the last frost of spring, when nighttime temperatures stay above freezing. If starting from seeds, sow them indoors 10-12 weeks before the last frost date.
    • Location: Choose a spot with full sun to partial sun for optimal blooming. They tolerate poor soil and some drought, but well-drained soil is preferable.
    • Planting: For beds or borders, space seedlings 8 inches apart. For larger groundcover areas, space them 12-18 inches apart. Dig holes slightly larger than the root ball and plant at the same depth they were in their containers. Water well after planting.

    Perennial Vinca:

    • Timing: Plant any time from early spring to fall, as long as the soil isn't frozen.
    • Location: They thrive in partial shade to full sun, but can tolerate shade in hotter climates. They adapt to various soil types but prefer well-drained, loose soil.
    • Planting: Dig holes 2-3 times the size of the root ball and loosen the surrounding soil. Gently tease apart the roots and plant at the same depth they were in the container. Backfill the hole with soil, pat down firmly, and water deeply.

    General Tips for Both:

    • Amend the soil with compost or organic matter before planting for improved drainage and nutrients.
    • Water regularly, especially during hot, dry periods, but avoid overwatering.
    • Deadhead spent flowers throughout the season to encourage reblooming.
    • Pruning isn't necessary for perennials, but you can trim them lightly to control their spread.
    • Mulch around your Vinca plants to retain moisture, suppress weeds, and regulate soil temperature.

    Remember, these are just general guidelines. Specific needs may vary depending on your climate, soil type, and chosen variety. Don't hesitate to research your specific Vinca for any quirks or special requirements.

    There are two main types of Vinca: annual Vinca (Catharanthus roseus) and perennial Vinca (Vinca minor and Vinca major). They come in a wide variety of colors and forms, making them versatile choices for gardeners.

    Annual Vinca (Catharanthus roseus)

    • Commonly known as Madagascar periwinkle
    • Upright or trailing varieties
    • Flowers in shades of white, pink, red, purple, and lavender, often with contrasting eyes
    • Blooms profusely from spring to fall in warm climates
    • Easy to care for and low-maintenance
    • Great for containers, hanging baskets, and borders

    Popular annual Vinca varieties:

    • Cora series: Large flowers, disease-resistant, upright and trailing varieties
    • Soiree Kawaii series: Smaller flowers, wildflower-like appearance, trailing habit
    • Valiant series: Extra-large flowers, ideal for bold displays, upright habit
    • Vitesse series: Easy-care, long-blooming, upright habit

    Perennial Vinca (Vinca minor and Vinca major)

    • Commonly known as periwinkle
    • Low-growing groundcovers
    • Evergreen or semi-evergreen foliage
    • Flowers in shades of blue, purple, and white
    • Bloom in spring and early summer
    • Tolerant of shade and poor soil
    • Deer-resistant
    • Spread readily, forming a dense mat

    Popular perennial Vinca varieties:

    • Vinca minor 'Alba': Pure white flowers, green leaves
    • Vinca minor 'Atropurpurea': Wine-purple flowers, green leaves
    • Vinca minor 'Bowles': Classic periwinkle blue flowers, green leaves
    • Vinca minor 'Illumination': Gold-variegated leaves, periwinkle blue flowers
    • Vinca major 'Variegata': Variegated green and white leaves, lilac-blue flowers

    These are just a few of the many Vinca varieties available. With their diverse colors, forms, and growing habits, there's a perfect Vinca for every garden.

    Caring for your Vinca depends on whether you have annual or perennial varieties. Here's a breakdown for both:

    Annual Vinca (Catharanthus roseus):

    • Watering: Water regularly, especially during hot, dry periods, but avoid overwatering. Aim for the soil to dry slightly between waterings.
    • Fertilizing: Feed with a balanced fertilizer every 4-6 weeks during the growing season.
    • Deadheading: Pinch off spent flowers to encourage reblooming.
    • Pests and diseases: Generally pest and disease-resistant, but watch out for aphids, whiteflies, and fungal diseases in humid conditions.
    • Winter care: Annual Vinca are not frost-hardy, so they need to be replaced each year.

    Perennial Vinca (Vinca minor and Vinca major):

    • Watering: Water regularly, especially during the first year after planting and during hot, dry periods. Once established, they are drought-tolerant.
    • Fertilizing: Apply a light application of slow-release fertilizer in spring. Overfertilization can lead to excessive foliage growth and fewer flowers.
    • Deadheading: Not necessary, but you can deadhead for a tidier appearance.
    • Pests and diseases: Relatively pest and disease-resistant, but watch out for slugs, snails, and vine weevils.
    • Winter care: Both Vinca minor and Vinca major are fairly cold-hardy, but they may need protection in very cold climates. Mulch around the base of the plants with a layer of leaves or straw.

    General Tips for Both:

    • Mulching: Mulching around your Vinca plants helps retain moisture, suppress weeds, and regulate soil temperature.
    • Sunlight: Annual Vinca prefer full sun, while perennial Vinca can tolerate partial shade.
    • Soil: Both types prefer well-drained soil, but they can adapt to a variety of soil types.
    • Pruning: Not necessary for perennials, but you can lightly prune them to control their spread or shape. Annual Vinca can be pinched back to encourage bushier growth.

    Additional Tips:

    • Dividing: Perennial Vinca can be divided every few years to rejuvenate them or propagate new plants.
    • Container planting: Both annual and perennial Vinca can be grown in containers. Choose a container with drainage holes and use a potting mix that drains well.
    • Pinching back: Pinching back the stems of Vinca plants can encourage bushier growth and more flowers.

    Remember, these are just general guidelines. Specific needs may vary depending on your climate, soil type, and chosen variety. Don't hesitate to research your specific Vinca for any quirks or special requirements.

    By following these tips, you can keep your Vinca plants thriving and flourishing in your garden!

    Vinca plants, both annual and perennial varieties, are known to attract pollinators like bees, butterflies, and even hummingbirds! They offer several features that make them appealing to these important visitors:

    1. Beautiful blooms: Most Vinca varieties boast vibrant flowers in shades of blue, purple, white, pink, and red. These bright colors catch the attention of pollinators, guiding them towards the nectar within.

    2. Abundant nectar: Vinca flowers produce small, but plentiful amounts of nectar that is readily accessible to pollinators. This sweet reward entices them to visit the flowers, collecting nectar and inadvertently transferring pollen while moving from flower to flower.

    3. Open flower shape: The simple, open shape of Vinca flowers makes it easy for pollinators of various sizes to reach the nectar inside. Unlike closed flowers that may require specialized mouthparts, Vinca's accessibility increases its appeal to a wider range of pollinators.

    4. Long blooming period: Depending on the variety, Vinca plants can bloom for several months, from spring to early summer for perennials and throughout the growing season for annuals. This extended period provides a consistent source of pollen and nectar for pollinators across a longer season.

    5. Easy access to pollen: The pollen of Vinca flowers is readily available on the stamen filaments, making it easy for pollinators to brush against it as they collect nectar. This facilitates effective pollen transfer, leading to successful pollination and fruit production.

    While the appeal of Vinca to pollinators might vary depending on the specific variety, color, and local pollinator populations, overall, they make a great addition to gardens aiming to attract these beneficial insects. So, by planting Vinca, you can not only enjoy their beautiful blooms but also contribute to a healthy ecosystem by supporting beneficial pollinators!

    While Vinca plants are generally considered pest and disease-resistant, they can still encounter some challenges. Here's a breakdown of common pests and diseases affecting both annual and perennial Vinca:

    Pests:

    • Aphids: These sap-sucking insects can cause distorted leaves, wilting, and stunted growth. They are more common on annual Vinca and during humid weather.
    • Whiteflies: Similar to aphids, whiteflies feed on plant sap and can leave behind sticky residue. They are also more prevalent on annual Vinca and in warm climates.
    • Vine weevils: These nocturnal beetles munch on the foliage and stems of Vinca plants, leaving ragged holes. They are a bigger concern for perennial Vinca, especially in areas with mild winters.
    • Slugs and snails: These slimy creatures can chew on leaves and young shoots, particularly damaging seedlings or newly planted Vinca. They are more active in moist conditions.

    Diseases:

    • Botrytis blight: This fungal disease causes brown or gray lesions on leaves, stems, and flowers. It thrives in humid conditions and can affect both annual and perennial Vinca.
    • Phytophthora stem rot and root rot: This fungal disease can cause wilting, stunting, and even death of the plant. It is more common in poorly drained soil and rainy weather, affecting both annual and perennial Vinca.
    • Rhizoctonia stem rot: Similar to Phytophthora, this fungal disease attacks the stems and roots, leading to wilt and collapse. It thrives in warm, moist soil and affects both Vinca types.
    • Stem canker: This fungal disease causes dark lesions on stems, eventually leading to dieback. It is more prevalent in wet weather and affects both annual and perennial Vinca.
    • Viral diseases: Several viruses can infect Vinca, causing yellowing, stunting, and distorted leaves. These are usually difficult to control and require infected plants to be removed.

    Tips for Prevention and Control:

    • Choose healthy plants: Start with disease-resistant varieties and inspect plants for signs of pests or diseases before buying.
    • Provide proper care: Water deeply but less frequently, avoid overwatering, and ensure good drainage. Mulch around the plants to suppress weeds and retain moisture.
    • Monitor for pests and diseases: Regularly check your Vinca plants for signs of trouble and address any issues promptly.
    • Use organic methods: If necessary, use insecticidal soap, neem oil, or other organic control methods for pests. For fungal diseases, fungicides can be applied, but choose options with minimal environmental impact.
    • Practice good sanitation: Remove and dispose of infected plant parts properly to prevent further spread of diseases.

    Remember, early detection and intervention are key to managing pests and diseases effectively. By providing proper care and monitoring your Vinca plants regularly, you can help them thrive and contribute to a beautiful and healthy garden.

    Vinca, both the annual and perennial varieties, can be beautiful additions to floral arrangements.

    Here's why they make great choices:

    • Beautiful blooms: Vinca comes in a range of vibrant colors, from classic blues and purples to cheerful pinks and whites.
    • Long-lasting: Both annual and perennial Vinca flowers hold up well after being cut, lasting for several days in a vase.
    • Variety of forms: The annual Vinca offers large, showy blooms, while the perennial varieties have smaller, delicate flowers and trailing foliage that can add texture and movement to arrangements.
    • Easy to care for: Vinca stems are sturdy and don't require any special treatment after cutting. Simply place them in fresh water and enjoy!

    Here are some tips for using Vinca in floral arrangements:

    • Match colors: Consider the overall color palette of your arrangement and choose Vinca varieties that complement the other flowers.
    • Mix textures: Combine the delicate flowers of perennial Vinca with bolder blooms like roses or lilies for a visually interesting contrast.
    • Use the foliage: The trailing foliage of perennial Vinca can be used to cascade over the edges of a vase or weave through other flowers for a natural look.
    • Experiment with placement: Try using Vinca flowers in different parts of the arrangement, from the center to the edges, to create depth and dimension.

    Here are some specific examples of floral arrangements you can create with Vinca:

    • A romantic bouquet: Combine pink and white Vinca flowers with roses and peonies for a soft and elegant look.
    • A rustic centerpiece: Use purple and blue Vinca flowers with sunflowers and wheat stalks for a charming farmhouse vibe.
    • A modern arrangement: Pair white Vinca flowers with calla lilies and orchids for a sleek and minimalist look.

    No matter your style, Vinca can be a versatile and beautiful addition to your floral arrangements. So get creative and have fun!

    Whether Vinca is invasive depends on the specific variety and location. Here's the breakdown:

    Invasive Vinca:

    • Common periwinkle (Vinca minor): This popular evergreen groundcover is considered invasive in many parts of North America, including the eastern United States. It readily spreads by runners and can form dense mats that outcompete native plants.
    • Bigleaf periwinkle (Vinca major): While less aggressive than Vinca minor, it can still become invasive in warm Mediterranean climates like California.

    Non-invasive Vinca:

    • Annual Vinca (Catharanthus roseus): This upright or trailing flower, also known as Madagascar periwinkle, is not considered invasive. It readily self-seeds but doesn't form dense mats like Vinca minor.
    • Other Vinca varieties: Some specific cultivars of Vinca minor and Vinca major have been selected for less invasive characteristics. Research the specific variety you're considering before planting.

    Factors to Consider:

    • Climate: Vinca minor is more likely to become invasive in cooler climates with moist soil. In drier, warmer climates, it may not spread as aggressively.
    • Habitat: If you live near natural areas where native plants are threatened, choosing non-invasive Vinca varieties is essential.
    • Garden practices: Proper management, such as limiting the spread of runners and avoiding planting near natural areas, can help prevent even potentially invasive Vinca from becoming a problem.

    The best time to divide Vinca plants depends on whether you have the annual (Catharanthus roseus) or perennial (Vinca minor and Vinca major) variety:

    Annual Vinca:

    Not typically divided: Annual Vinca are usually grown from seeds or purchased as seedlings and discarded after flowering. Dividing them isn't necessary or common.

    Perennial Vinca:

    Early spring or fall: These are the ideal times for dividing Vinca because the temperatures are mild and the plants are actively growing, but not yet stressed by hot summer weather or cold winter temperatures.

    Additional factors:

    • Spring division: Ideal if you want the divided plants to establish before winter. Ensure the soil is thawed and workable.
    • Fall division: Ideal if you live in a mild climate with frost-free winters. Allows the plants to establish roots before winter dormancy.
    • Avoid dividing during hot summer months or during periods of drought.

    Remember, these are general guidelines. Specific timing may vary depending on your climate and local weather conditions. Always prioritize the health and well-being of your Vinca plants when choosing the best time to divide them.

    Groups, Varieties and Cultivars

    Vinca is a more diverse genus than many people realize. Here is a breakdown of the groups, varieties, and cultivars to help you navigate the options:

    1. Species (and their associated groups):

    • Vinca major (Greater Periwinkle): This species is larger and more vigorous than V. minor, with bigger leaves and flowers. It is often used as a groundcover in shady areas.
      • Variegated Forms: Several popular varieties have variegated foliage, such as 'Variegata' with creamy white edges and 'Reticulata' with yellow veins.
    • Vinca minor (Common Periwinkle): This is the most widely grown species, known for its trailing habit and blue flowers. It is a popular groundcover but can be invasive in some areas.
      • Flower Color Variations: Cultivars offer a range of flower colors, including white ('Alba'), purple ('Atropurpurea'), and rose ('Rosea').
      • Variegated Forms: 'Illumination' is a popular cultivar with golden-yellow variegated leaves.
    • Vinca herbacea (Herbaceous Periwinkle): This lesser-known species has a more upright habit and is deciduous, dying back to the ground in winter. It is less commonly used in landscaping.

    2. Cultivars (within the species):

    • Vinca major 'Variegata': This is a classic cultivar with green leaves edged in creamy white. It brightens up shady areas and adds visual interest.
    • Vinca minor 'Bowles' Variety': Known for its vigorous growth and abundant, violet-blue flowers. A good choice for a quick-spreading groundcover.
    • Vinca minor 'Illumination': A striking cultivar with gold-variegated leaves and blue flowers. It adds brightness to shady spots.
    • Vinca minor 'Atropurpurea': Features deep purple flowers that contrast beautifully with the dark green foliage.

    3. Annual Vinca (Catharanthus roseus):

    • Although technically a different genus, annual vinca is often grouped with Vinca due to its similar appearance and growth habit. It offers a wider range of flower colors and is treated as an annual in most climates.
      • Popular Series:
        • Cora Cascade: Known for its trailing habit, making it ideal for hanging baskets and containers.
        • Soiree Kawaii: Compact series with unique flower colors, including peach and apricot.
        • Titan: Features large flowers and excellent heat tolerance.
        • Pacifica: Known for its vigorous growth and resistance to diseases.

    Important Considerations:

    • Invasive Potential: Be mindful of the potential invasiveness of Vinca minor. Choose sterile cultivars or plant them in areas where they can be contained.
    • Purpose: Consider the intended use when selecting varieties. Some are better suited for groundcover, while others excel in containers or as accents.

    Vinca major 'Variegata' is a classic for a reason! It is a beautiful and vigorous cultivar of the greater periwinkle, loved for its striking foliage and adaptability. Here is a closer look:  

    Key Features:

    • Variegated Foliage: The most distinctive feature is its lovely variegated leaves. They are glossy green with irregular creamy-white margins, adding brightness and visual interest to shady areas.
    • Larger Size: Compared to Vinca minor, 'Variegata' has larger leaves and flowers. The leaves are oval-shaped and can reach up to 2 inches long.
    • Lavender-Blue Flowers: It produces charming, pinwheel-shaped flowers in a soft lavender-blue color. These blooms appear in spring and sporadically throughout the summer.
    • Trailing Habit: 'Variegata' has a trailing or vining growth habit, spreading along the ground and rooting at the nodes. It can reach up to 18 inches tall and spread several feet wide.
    • Vigorous Growth: This cultivar is known for its vigorous growth, making it an excellent choice for quickly covering ground and suppressing weeds.
    • Adaptability: It tolerates a wide range of conditions, including full sun to partial shade and various soil types.

    Cultivation Tips:

    • Sunlight: While it can tolerate full sun, 'Variegata' performs best in partial shade, especially in hot climates.
    • Soil: Well-drained soil is essential. Amend heavy clay soil with organic matter to improve drainage.
    • Watering: Water regularly, especially during the first growing season, to help the plant establish a strong root system. Once established, it is relatively drought-tolerant.
    • Fertilizing: Fertilize lightly in spring with a balanced fertilizer.
    • Pruning: Prune back in late winter or early spring to control its spread and rejuvenate the plant. You can also trim it throughout the growing season to maintain its shape.

    Design Ideas:

    • Groundcover: 'Variegata' is an excellent groundcover for shady areas, slopes, or under trees and shrubs.
    • Containers and Hanging Baskets: Its trailing habit makes it a good choice for containers and hanging baskets, where it can spill over the edges.
    • Edging: Use it to edge walkways or flower beds, adding a touch of brightness and texture.
    • Mixed Plantings: Combine it with other shade-loving plants, such as hostas, ferns, or coral bells, for a vibrant and textured display.

    Important Note:

    • Invasive Potential: While not as invasive as Vinca minor, 'Variegata' can still spread aggressively in some conditions. Be mindful of its growth and prune it regularly to prevent it from taking over.

    With its attractive variegated foliage, charming flowers, and adaptability, Vinca major 'Variegata' is a valuable addition to any garden.

    Vinca major 'Wojo's Gem' is a delightful cultivar that brings a touch of brightness and whimsy to any garden. It is particularly loved for its unique variegated foliage.

    Here is what makes 'Wojo's Gem' special:

    • Striking Variegation: The most distinctive feature of 'Wojo's Gem' is its eye-catching variegated foliage. The leaves are a vibrant green with a large, irregular central splash of creamy yellow to white. This bold variegation adds a splash of sunshine to shady areas and creates a lovely contrast with the flowers.
    • Trailing Habit: Like other Vinca major cultivars, 'Wojo's Gem' has a trailing or vining growth habit, spreading along the ground and rooting at the nodes. It typically reaches about 6-12 inches tall and can spread 12-24 inches wide or more.
    • Lavender-Blue Flowers: In spring, 'Wojo's Gem' produces charming, pinwheel-shaped flowers in a soft lavender-blue color. While the flowers are lovely, the foliage is definitely the star of the show with this cultivar.
    • Adaptability: It is adaptable to a variety of conditions, including full sun to partial shade and various soil types. It is also relatively drought-tolerant once established.

    Cultivation Tips:

    • Sunlight: While it can tolerate full sun, 'Wojo's Gem' generally prefers partial shade, especially in hot climates. The variegation can be more pronounced in shadier conditions.
    • Soil: Well-drained soil is essential. Amend heavy clay soil with organic matter to improve drainage.
    • Watering: Water regularly, especially during the first growing season, to help the plant establish a strong root system. Once established, it is relatively drought-tolerant.
    • Fertilizing: Fertilize lightly in spring with a balanced fertilizer.
    • Pruning: Prune back in late winter or early spring to control its spread and rejuvenate the plant. You can also trim it throughout the growing season to maintain its shape.

    Design Ideas:

    • Groundcover: 'Wojo's Gem' is an excellent groundcover for shady areas, slopes, or under trees and shrubs. Its bright variegation can help lighten up dark corners.
    • Containers and Hanging Baskets: Its trailing habit makes it a good choice for containers and hanging baskets, where it can spill over the edges and add a touch of whimsy.
    • Edging: Use it to edge walkways or flower beds, adding a touch of brightness and texture.
    • Mixed Plantings: Combine it with other shade-loving plants, such as hostas, ferns, or coral bells, for a vibrant and textured display.

    Important Note:

    • Invasive Potential: While not as invasive as Vinca minor, 'Wojo's Gem' can still spread aggressively in some conditions. Be mindful of its growth and prune it regularly to prevent it from taking over.

    With its striking variegated foliage, charming flowers, and adaptability, Vinca major 'Wojo's Gem' is a delightful addition to any garden.

    Vinca minor 'Alba' is a lovely choice! It is a classic cultivar of the common periwinkle, admired for its pure white flowers and vigorous groundcover abilities.

    Here is what makes 'Alba' stand out:

    • Pure White Blooms: The most distinctive feature is its pristine white flowers. These delicate, pinwheel-shaped blooms appear in abundance in spring, creating a beautiful contrast against the dark green foliage.
    • Low-Growing Habit: 'Alba' has a creeping, mat-forming habit, typically reaching only 4-6 inches tall but spreading up to 18-24 inches wide. This makes it ideal for groundcover, edging, or cascading over walls.
    • Glossy Evergreen Foliage: The small, oval leaves are a rich, glossy green, providing year-round interest. They create a dense carpet that helps to suppress weeds.
    • Adaptability: 'Alba' is adaptable to a wide range of conditions, including full sun to partial shade and various soil types. It is also relatively drought-tolerant once established.
    • Easy Care: This cultivar is known for its low-maintenance nature. It requires minimal pruning and is generally pest and disease-free.

    Cultivation Tips:

    • Sunlight: While it can tolerate full sun, 'Alba' often performs best in partial shade, especially in hot climates.
    • Soil: Well-drained soil is essential. Amend heavy clay soil with organic matter to improve drainage.
    • Watering: Water regularly, especially during the first growing season, to help the plant establish a strong root system. Once established, it is relatively drought-tolerant.
    • Fertilizing: Fertilize lightly in spring with a balanced fertilizer.
    • Pruning: Shear back the plants lightly after the main bloom in spring to encourage bushier growth and reblooming. You can also trim it throughout the growing season to control its spread.

    Design Ideas:

    • Groundcover: 'Alba' is an excellent groundcover for shady areas, slopes, or under trees and shrubs. Its white flowers brighten up dark corners.
    • Edging: Use it to edge walkways, flower beds, or patios, creating a neat and elegant border.
    • Rock Gardens: Its drought tolerance and low-growing habit make it well-suited for rock gardens.
    • Containers: 'Alba' can also be grown in containers, where it can spill over the edges and create a charming display.
    • Woodland Gardens: Its shade tolerance makes it a good choice for woodland gardens or areas with dappled sunlight.

    Important Note:

    • Invasive Potential: Vinca minor, including 'Alba', can be invasive in some areas. Be mindful of its growth and prune it regularly to prevent it from spreading into unwanted areas. Consider using native alternatives if invasiveness is a concern in your region.

    With its pure white flowers, glossy foliage, and adaptability, Vinca minor 'Alba' is a classic choice for adding a touch of elegance to any garden.

    Vinca minor 'Bowlesii' (sometimes listed as 'Bowles' Variety') is a true classic and a workhorse in the garden. It is prized for its vigorous growth, abundant blooms, and adaptability.

    Here is what makes 'Bowlesii' stand out:

    • Vibrant Blue Flowers: 'Bowlesii' is known for its profusion of large, violet-blue flowers. These pinwheel-shaped blooms appear in abundance in spring, creating a stunning carpet of color. It typically blooms a bit later than other Vinca minor varieties, extending the season of interest.
    • Vigorous Growth: This cultivar is a vigorous grower, spreading quickly to form a dense mat of foliage. This makes it an excellent choice for groundcover, erosion control, and weed suppression.
    • Glossy Evergreen Foliage: The small, oval leaves are a rich, glossy green, providing year-round interest. They create a dense carpet that helps to suppress weeds.
    • Adaptability: 'Bowlesii' is adaptable to a wide range of conditions, including full sun to partial shade and various soil types. It is also relatively drought-tolerant once established.
    • Easy Care: This cultivar is known for its low-maintenance nature. It requires minimal pruning and is generally pest and disease-free.

    Cultivation Tips:

    • Sunlight: While it can tolerate full sun, 'Bowlesii' often performs best in partial shade, especially in hot climates.
    • Soil: Well-drained soil is essential. Amend heavy clay soil with organic matter to improve drainage.
    • Watering: Water regularly, especially during the first growing season, to help the plant establish a strong root system. Once established, it is relatively drought-tolerant.
    • Fertilizing: Fertilize lightly in spring with a balanced fertilizer.
    • Pruning: Shear back the plants lightly after the main bloom in spring to encourage bushier growth and reblooming. You can also trim it throughout the growing season to control its spread.

    Design Ideas:

    • Groundcover: 'Bowlesii' is an excellent groundcover for shady areas, slopes, or under trees and shrubs.
    • Edging: Use it to edge walkways, flower beds, or patios, creating a neat and colorful border.
    • Rock Gardens: Its drought tolerance and low-growing habit make it well-suited for rock gardens.
    • Containers: 'Bowlesii' can also be grown in containers, where it can spill over the edges and create a charming display.
    • Woodland Gardens: Its shade tolerance makes it a good choice for woodland gardens or areas with dappled sunlight.

    Important Note:

    • Invasive Potential: Vinca minor, including 'Bowlesii', can be invasive in some areas. Be mindful of its growth and prune it regularly to prevent it from spreading into unwanted areas. Consider using native alternatives if invasiveness is a concern in your region.

    With its vibrant blue flowers, vigorous growth, and adaptability, Vinca minor 'Bowlesii' is a classic choice for adding a touch of beauty to any garden.

    Vinca minor 'Illumination' is a showstopper! This cultivar really brightens up shady spots with its vibrant foliage. It is a popular choice for adding a touch of gold to gardens and landscapes.

    Here is what makes 'Illumination' shine:

    • Golden Variegation: The most striking feature of 'Illumination' is its bright, golden-yellow variegated leaves. Each leaf has a dark green margin, creating a beautiful contrast. The new growth emerges chartreuse, then matures to a rich gold, and finally softens to cream. This ever-changing display adds continuous interest throughout the season.
    • Lavender-Blue Flowers: In spring, 'Illumination' produces charming, periwinkle-blue flowers that rise above the foliage. The contrast of the blue flowers against the golden leaves is simply stunning.
    • Low-Growing Habit: It has a creeping, mat-forming habit, typically reaching only 4-6 inches tall but spreading up to 18-24 inches wide. This makes it ideal for groundcover, edging, or cascading over walls.
    • Adaptability: 'Illumination' is adaptable to a wide range of conditions, including full sun to partial shade and various soil types. It is also relatively drought-tolerant once established.
    • Easy Care: This cultivar is known for its low-maintenance nature. It requires minimal pruning and is generally pest and disease-free.

    Cultivation Tips:

    • Sunlight: 'Illumination' can tolerate full sun, but it often performs best in partial shade, especially in hot climates. The variegation can be more pronounced in shadier conditions.
    • Soil: Well-drained soil is essential. Amend heavy clay soil with organic matter to improve drainage.
    • Watering: Water regularly, especially during the first growing season, to help the plant establish a strong root system. Once established, it is relatively drought-tolerant.
    • Fertilizing: Fertilize lightly in spring with a balanced fertilizer.
    • Pruning: Shear back the plants lightly after the main bloom in spring to encourage bushier growth and reblooming. You can also trim it throughout the growing season to control its spread.

    Design Ideas:

    • Groundcover: 'Illumination' is an excellent groundcover for shady areas, slopes, or under trees and shrubs. Its bright foliage can lighten up dark corners.
    • Edging: Use it to edge walkways, flower beds, or patios, adding a touch of brightness and texture.
    • Rock Gardens: Its drought tolerance and low-growing habit make it well-suited for rock gardens.
    • Containers: 'Illumination' can also be grown in containers, where it can spill over the edges and create a charming display.
    • Woodland Gardens: Its shade tolerance makes it a good choice for woodland gardens or areas with dappled sunlight.

    Important Note:

    • Invasive Potential: Vinca minor, including 'Illumination', can be invasive in some areas. Be mindful of its growth and prune it regularly to prevent it from spreading into unwanted areas. Consider using native alternatives if invasiveness is a concern in your region.

    With its golden foliage, charming blue flowers, and adaptability, Vinca minor 'Illumination' is a radiant addition to any garden.

    Vinca minor 'Ralph Shugert' (sometimes spelled 'Ralph Shugart') is a charming and versatile cultivar that adds a touch of elegance to any garden. It is particularly valued for its variegated foliage and delicate blue flowers.

    Here is what makes 'Ralph Shugert' special:

    • Variegated Foliage: The standout feature of 'Ralph Shugert' is its attractive variegated leaves. The leaves are a glossy dark green with distinct creamy-white margins, creating a beautiful contrast that brightens up shady areas.
    • Delicate Blue Flowers: In spring, 'Ralph Shugert' produces lovely, periwinkle-blue flowers that rise above the foliage. These delicate blooms add a touch of color and charm to the garden.
    • Low-Growing Habit: It has a creeping, mat-forming habit, typically reaching only 4-6 inches tall but spreading up to 18-24 inches wide. This makes it ideal for groundcover, edging, or cascading over walls.
    • Adaptability: 'Ralph Shugert' is adaptable to a wide range of conditions, including full sun to partial shade and various soil types. It is also relatively drought-tolerant once established.
    • Easy Care: This cultivar is known for its low-maintenance nature. It requires minimal pruning and is generally pest and disease-free.

    Cultivation Tips:

    • Sunlight: While it can tolerate full sun, 'Ralph Shugert' often performs best in partial shade, especially in hot climates. The variegation can be more pronounced in shadier conditions.
    • Soil: Well-drained soil is essential. Amend heavy clay soil with organic matter to improve drainage.
    • Watering: Water regularly, especially during the first growing season, to help the plant establish a strong root system. Once established, it is relatively drought-tolerant.
    • Fertilizing: Fertilize lightly in spring with a balanced fertilizer.
    • Pruning: Shear back the plants lightly after the main bloom in spring to encourage bushier growth and reblooming. You can also trim it throughout the growing season to control its spread.

    Design Ideas:

    • Groundcover: 'Ralph Shugert' is an excellent groundcover for shady areas, slopes, or under trees and shrubs. Its variegated foliage adds brightness and interest.
    • Edging: Use it to edge walkways, flower beds, or patios, creating a neat and colorful border.
    • Rock Gardens: Its drought tolerance and low-growing habit make it well-suited for rock gardens.
    • Containers: 'Ralph Shugert' can also be grown in containers, where it can spill over the edges and create a charming display.
    • Woodland Gardens: Its shade tolerance makes it a good choice for woodland gardens or areas with dappled sunlight.

    Important Note:

    • Invasive Potential: Vinca minor, including 'Ralph Shugert', can be invasive in some areas. Be mindful of its growth and prune it regularly to prevent it from spreading into unwanted areas. Consider using native alternatives if invasiveness is a concern in your region.

    With its variegated foliage, delicate blue flowers, and adaptability, Vinca minor 'Ralph Shugert' is a charming and versatile addition to any garden.